Feline immunodeficiency virus associated myopathy in the adult cat

Podell, Michael; Chen, Esther; Shelton, G. Diane

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199812)21:12<1680::aid-mus9>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…5 There are no reports to date of a feline viral myositis, although one prospective study of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection noted inflammatory changes in skeletal muscles. 6 The FIV status of the cats in this report was unknown. Degenerative joint disease or other forms of arthritis can affect the conformation of the joint and was considered a component of the clinical symptomatology in case 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Digital flexor musculotendinous contracture in two Devon Rex cats

Thom¹,

Pool

Malík

2017

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Clinical summary: A 13-year-old, spayed Devon Rex with unilateral digital flexor musculotendinous contracture of the forelimb was treated by surgical tenotomy. The condition improved transiently, but recurred rapidly and became bilateral. Histopathologic analysis of necropsy tissues resulted in a morphologic diagnosis of fibromyositis of the antebrachial muscles causing contracture and flexural deformity of the carpi and phalanges of both thoracic limbs. A search for similar cases yielded the clinical notes of a second cat, a 10-year-old, spayed Devon Rex, also with bilateral disease. This second case responded well to surgical tenotomy but tissue biopsies were not obtained to permit microscopic assessment of the underlying pathologic process. Relevance and novel information: Acquired and permanent contracture of the digital flexor muscles and/or tendons of the forelimbs is a rare and poorly described condition of cats. The very limited number of documented cases describing disease affecting one or more digits (but not the carpus) infers a causal link with onychectomy, but reported histopathologic changes have been limited to the tendons. The two cases described in this report suffered contracture of the carpus and all digits bilaterally, one without previous onychectomy and the other 9 years after onychectomy. There were novel histopathologic findings in the muscles of the one case for which biopsy material was available. Information gained from these two cases provides a new perspective for the investigation and treatment of future cases. Specifically, consideration should be given to an underlying immune-mediated myopathic process and a possible genetic predisposition in the Devon Rex breed. Currently, the poorly understood etiopathogenesis hinders our ability to definitively recommend treatment options, which might include corticosteroids and other forms of immunosuppressive therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Digital flexor musculotendinous contracture in two Devon Rex cats

Thom¹,

Pool

Malík

2017

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…Myopathy has also been identified histo pathologically in six adult cats infected experimentally with FIV. 19 Jokelainen et al 12 identified T gondii on immunohistochemical staining of skeletal muscle in two cats with generalised toxoplasmosis submitted for necropsy; one also had T gondii identified histologically. Muscle pain has been reported in 3/15 cats that were diagnosed with toxoplasmosis based on serology, clinical signs and response to clindamycin; 13 however, there was no histopathology performed on those cases to confirm a myopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lameness, generalised myopathy and myalgia in an adult cat with toxoplasmosis

Butts

Langley‐Hobbs

2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 2-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with an 18-month history of intermittent lameness on all four limbs. The cat was markedly lame on all four limbs. There was alternation between toe-walking on the forelimbs with a hunched posture and using the dorsal aspect of the carpi to walk on. The cat would hiss repeatedly when walking and would lie down tentatively, appearing happier and less painful when lying. When not lying, the cat preferred to sit back on the hindlimbs and non-weightbear on the forelimbs (the so-called kangaroo stance). Physical examination detected pain on palpation of the calcaneus bone and Achilles tendon bilaterally, and general resentment to handling. Investigations revealed an elevated creatine kinase, a positive Toxoplasma gondii IgG titre, toxic neutrophilic inflammation within the Achilles tendon bursae, electromyography and nerve conduction velocity studies consistent with a diffuse muscular disease, and histopathology of the muscle consistent with a chronic and diffuse myopathy. Arthrocentesis samples and an antinuclear antibodies titre were normal. Prior treatment with meloxicam had been ineffective. A 6-week course of clindamycin was prescribed; an improvement was seen within 3 days and clinical resolution at 3 months. The cat remained clinically normal after 20 months. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, there have been no previously published reports of histopathologically confirmed myopathy as a result of T gondii in cats. This report suggests toxoplasmosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats with myopathies or lameness in the absence of other causes.

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“…An increase in serum CK activity can develop with necrotizing myopathies, dystrophic myopathies, and other muscle diseases as well as in inflammatory myopathies. 11 Although a few published clinical reports include descriptions of myopathies in cats associated with electrolyte disturbances, 12,13 hyperthyroidism, 14 infectious agents, [15][16][17][18] neoplasia, 19,20 muscular dystrophies, and other congenital myopathies, [21][22][23][24] most descriptions of idiopathic (autoimmune) inflammatory myopathy (polymyositis) in cats are in book chapters, 1,25 review articles, 11,26 and meeting proceedings. 27,28 To the authors' knowledge, the basis for these descriptions has not been established in peer-reviewed veterinary journals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%