Feline herpesvirus ulcerative dermatitis: an atypical case?

Porcellato, Ilaria; Luciani, Luca; Marenzoni, Maria Luisa; Santagostino, Sara Francesca; Sforna, Monica; Mechelli, Luca; Brachelente, Chiara

doi:10.1111/vde.12537

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…FeHV-1 causes clinical signs like nasal and ocular discharge, conjunctivitis and keratitis, with dendritic corneal ulcers as its pathognomonic clinical sign. Other clinical signs like pneumonia, facial dermatitis, stomatitis and meningoencephalitis are also described (Hora et al 2013, McGregor et al 2016, Rodriguez et al 2016, Argenta et al 2017, Porcelatto et al 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

High occurrence of felid alphaherpesvirus 1 and feline calicivirus in domestic cats from southern Brazil

et al. 2020

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Felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV) affect cats worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of FeHV-1 and FCV in cats with clinical signs of respiratory, oral and/or ocular disease. Samples were collected from cats cared for in veterinary ambulatory and clinics and submitted to molecular detection and viral isolation. Of the 49 cats evaluated, 45 (92%) were positive for at least one of the viruses; 82% (40/49) were positive for FeHV-1 and 41% (20/49) for FCV. Of these, 31% (15/49) were coinfection cases. For FeHV-1, 45% (18/40) of the cats tested were positive from the collection of eye swab, and the same percentage (9/20) was obtained for the FCV by the oral swab. FeHV-1 and/or FCV were isolated in 35% (17/49) of the samples. The main clinical sign observed was ocular secretion in 71% (35/49) of cats, characterized as mild serous, purulent or serosanguineous, and in some cases associated with ocular injury and marked chemosis. Our findings demonstrate the high occurrence of FeHV-1 and FCV in domestic cats in southern Brazil and indicate that measures should be implemented to improve the diagnostic, prevention and management against of these important diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

High occurrence of felid alphaherpesvirus 1 and feline calicivirus in domestic cats from southern Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…Documentation of a direct relationship between the virus and many disease syndromes is hampered by the ubiquity of FHV-1 in the feline population and asymptomatic carriage, as well as widespread vaccination. However, chronic syndromes associated with histopathologic or molecular evidence of FHV-1 include non-healing corneal ulcers, 4 dry eye, 5 facial dermatitis, 6 , 7 corneal sequestrum, eosinophilic keratitis 8 and chronic rhinosinusitis. 9 Lung involvement is rare in natural FHV-1 infection although fibrinonecrotic pneumonia has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline herpesvirus-1-related multiple respiratory eosinophilic nodules in an adult cat receiving long-term oral prednisolone

Philp,

Johnson,

Choi

et al. 2024

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 10-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of a 3-day history of increased inspiratory effort. The cat had received prednisolone 1 mg/kg PO q24h for 1 year due to chronic diarrhea. On physical examination, the patient exhibited severe stridor, intermittent open-mouth breathing and bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge. Subcutaneous emphysema was palpated over the dorsal cervical region. Mild hypoventilation (PvCO2 55.1 mmHg; approximate reference interval 35–45 mmHg) was identified. Cervicothoracic radiographs showed marked gas tracking within cervical soft tissues with concurrent laryngeal thickening, pulmonary nodules, a bronchial pulmonary pattern, pneumomediastinum and aerophagia. The cat was hospitalized and treated overnight with oxygen and intravenous fluid therapy before anesthesia the next day. On laryngoscopy, a large tracheal mass was observed arising from the right subglottic region and was removed using biopsy forceps. CT revealed an additional mass at the level of the tracheal bifurcation causing marked luminal narrowing of the trachea and proximal main bronchi. The cat made a good initial recovery, although moderate stridor persisted. Five days later, the cat was re-examined due to recurrence of respiratory distress and orthopnea, and the owner elected euthanasia. Histopathology revealed severe nodular obstructive eosinophilic plasmacytic laryngotracheitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies positive for feline herpesvirus-1 on immunohistochemistry. Relevance and novel information This report describes the presentation and management of a cat with respiratory distress secondary to intratracheal eosinophilic masses caused by feline herpesvirus-1. Although the outcome was ultimately unsatisfactory, to the authors’ knowledge, this clinical presentation has not been previously reported.

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“…The FHV‐1‐associated dermatitis is characterized by facial and nasal involvement with vescicles, ulcers, crusts and stomatitis . Lesions are commonly observed on the face, especially on the nose, muzzle, lips and periorbital areas . These clinical manifestations overlap with other feline dermatitides including hypersensitivity disorders such as mosquito bite hypersensitivity, eosinophilic granuloma complex, cutaneous adverse food reactions and feline atopic syndrome .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) andRNAscopein situhybridization (RNA‐ISH) as effective tools to diagnose feline herpesvirus‐1‐associated dermatitis

Mazzei

Vascellari

Zanardello³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background Felid herpesvirus type 1 (FHV‐1)‐associated dermatitis is characterized by facial and nasal involvement; clinical and histopathological manifestations may overlap with other dermatitides. Objective To evaluate the realibility of qRT‐PCR‐2−ΔΔCq and RNAscope in situ hybridization (RNA‐ISH) methods to diagnose FHV‐1‐associated dermatitis, in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues. Animals Sixteen FFPE samples from cats with facial dermatitis and four controls were studied. Methods and materials Based on histopathological features, cases were separated into: Group 1, samples with herpetic dermatitis (four); Group 2, samples with nonherpetic facial dermatitis (six); Group 3, samples with facial dermatitis of ambiguous nature (allergic or viral) (six); and Group 4, samples from healthy cats (four). A relative quantification using the 2−ΔΔCq method was used to estimate the “upregulation” of each FHV‐1 target viral gene copies (glycoprotein‐B and thymidine‐kinase) relative to reference gene. Detection of FHV‐1 mRNA was performed using the RNAscope 2.5 detection kit. Results By 2−ΔΔCq analysis, upregulation of both FHV‐1 genes was observed in all samples from Group 1 and two of six from Group 3. No upregulation was identified in samples from groups 2 and 4. Positive mRNA hybridization signal was observed in all cases from Group 1 and two cases of Group 3. No positivity was observed in samples from groups 2 and 4. Conclusions and clinical importance QRT‐PCR 2−ΔΔCq analysis and RNA‐ISH can identify the FHV‐1 genome as causative agent of the associated dermatitis, even where inclusion bodies are not detectable. Both techniques are functional in retrospective studies, have greater specificity than conventional PCR, and may be proposed for research and diagnostic purposes.

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Feline herpesvirus ulcerative dermatitis: an atypical case?

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

High occurrence of felid alphaherpesvirus 1 and feline calicivirus in domestic cats from southern Brazil

High occurrence of felid alphaherpesvirus 1 and feline calicivirus in domestic cats from southern Brazil

Feline herpesvirus-1-related multiple respiratory eosinophilic nodules in an adult cat receiving long-term oral prednisolone

Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) andRNAscopein situhybridization (RNA‐ISH) as effective tools to diagnose feline herpesvirus‐1‐associated dermatitis

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