Feeding value of crambe press cake and extracted meal as well as production responses of growing-finishing pigs and dairy cows fed these by-products

Abstract

To analyse the feeding value of crambe press cake (CPC) and crambe extracted meal (CEM), and the incorporation limits in pig diets, a series of balance trials with a total of 12 male castrates was conducted. Additionally, in a feeding trial the effect of 5% and 10% CPC or CEM on growth performance and on pork quality was tested. The CP content of CPC and CEM was 207 and 331 g/kg DM, respectively, and the residual EE 144 and 26 g/kg DM, respectively. The erucic acid concentration amounted to 56% of total fatty acids. Glucosinolate contents were found to be 50 mmol/kg CPC-DM and 70 mmol/kg CEM-DM. The digestibility of OM was 54% for both by-products and the ME contents were 10.6 and 9.3 MJ/kg DM for CPC and CEM, respectively. In the feeding trial, 10% CPC in the diet significantly decreased BWG from 782 g/d (controls) to 742 g/d. Due to glucosinolate intake, the weight of liver, thyroid glands and kidneys was significantly increased. The body fat showed an increased deposition of erucic acid in back fat and intramuscular fat, but changes in sensory properties of the meat were not detected. It is recommended that the incorporation rate of CPC and CEM in diets for growing-finishing pigs should not exceed 5%. The balance experiments, carried out with four wethers each, showed that the OM of CPC and CEM was better digested by ruminants, amounting to 71% or 67%, respectively. The energy content amounted to 7.4 and 6.0 MJ NEL/kg DM, respectively. In the feeding trials with lactating cows, 30% CPC or CEM in the concentrate resulted in a decrease of concentrate intake of about 7%. Due to the high residual fat content of CPC, the milk fat content decreased and the erucic acid content increased. The high glucosinolate intake affected the iodine concentration in the milk. CPC and CEM feeding decreased the iodine content from 271-117 microg/kg and from 182-77 microg, respectively. It is recommended that crambe by-products should not exceed 15% in concentrates or an intake of 1 kg/d for dairy cows.

Influence of an iodine depletion period and teat dipping on the iodine concentration in serum and milk of cows

“…Because of the supplementation of feed, cow milk is one of the most important iodine sources for human nutrition (e.g., Dahl et al, 2003;LindmarkMansson et al, 2003;Großklaus and Jahreis, 2004). The iodine concentration of milk depends not only on the iodine content of feed (e.g., Kaufmann and Rambeck, 1998;Launer and Richter, 2005;Flachowsky et al, 2006;Schöne et al, 2006) but also on other influencing factors, such as the glucosinolate content of feeds (e.g., Böhme et al, 2005) or that of the disinfectant for teat dipping (e.g., Amount, 1987;Falkenberg et al, 2002;Galton, 2004). The iodine concentration of disinfectant can vary between 0.1 and 0.8%; 20 to 70% of cows are dipped with such disinfectants.…”

Quality traits and lipid composition of meat from crossbreed Santa Ines ewes fed diets including crushed crambe

“…Crushed grain is the main by-product of the oil extraction process, with a high protein (200-300 g/kg) and energy (around 290 g/kg) content, considered a good alternative in ruminant feeding. The crushed grain consists of the pericarp, rich fibers, and cotyledons, which are rich in proteins and residual oil (Böhme et al, 2005;Mizubuti et al, 2011).…”

Current Research Developments on the Processing and Improvement of the Nutritional Quality of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

“…No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for lipidosis was 0.7 g kg −1 bw per day in a 7‐day feeding experiment in young rats and in a 2‐week feeding experiment in newborn pigs . Adult animals are capable of tolerating a higher concentration of erucic acid compared with young animals . Heart failure (diastolic dysfunction) has been also shown in humans .…”