Feeding preferences of herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the southern Baltic Sea

Casini, Michèle; Cardinale, Massimiliano; Arrhenius, Fredrik

doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2003.12.011

Cited by 130 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For example, as herring increase, both Norway pout and sprat decrease ( Fig. 1): Herring is known to be a predator of Norway pout larvae (23) and sprat larvae (24), whereas small herring are competitors with sprat (25). Similarly, whiting are important predators of sandeel (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between top-down and bottom-up control in marine food webs

Lynam

Llope

Möllmann

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

228

169

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Climate change and resource exploitation have been shown to modify the importance of bottom-up and top-down forces in ecosystems. However, the resulting pattern of trophic control in complex food webs is an emergent property of the system and thus unintuitive. We develop a statistical nondeterministic model, capable of modeling complex patterns of trophic control for the heavily impacted North Sea ecosystem. The model is driven solely by fishing mortality and climatic variables and based on timeseries data covering >40 y for six plankton and eight fish groups along with one bird group (>20 y). Simulations show the outstanding importance of top-down exploitation pressure for the dynamics of fish populations. Whereas fishing effects on predators indirectly altered plankton abundance, bottom-up climatic processes dominate plankton dynamics. Importantly, we show planktivorous fish to have a central role in the North Sea food web initiating complex cascading effects across and between trophic levels. Our linked model integrates bottom-up and top-down effects and is able to simulate complex long-term changes in ecosystem components under a combination of stressor scenarios. Our results suggest that in marine ecosystems, pathways for bottomup and top-down forces are not necessarily mutually exclusive and together can lead to the emergence of complex patterns of control.trophic control | ecosystem modeling | marine food web functioning | wasp-waist | regime shifts T he question of whether food webs are resource-(bottom-up) or predation-(top-down) controlled is one of the most fundamental research questions in ecology (1-3). Marine ecosystems, originally thought to be mainly steered by bottom-up control, have recently been shown to exhibit periods of top-down control due to the extraction of large predators through fishing (4-7) or climate oscillations (8). Furthermore, experimental evidence shows climate warming may exert a host of indirect effects on aquatic food webs mediated through shifts in the magnitudes of top-down and bottom-up forcing (9, 10). However, for large marine ecosystems that are not amenable to experimentation studies, investigations of how interactions in their complex food webs mediate the influence of both top-down (e.g., fishing) and bottom-up (e.g., climate change) control are lacking or are based on aggregated species complexes. We model an extensive historical dataset for the North Sea (over 45 y) at the lowest possible resolution (often species) to determine key interactions between species and estimate their responses to pressures. The model reveals both simple (direct) and complex (indirect) pathways linking plankton to seabirds and can highlight the wider effects of climate change and potential actions by fishery managers.The North Sea is one of the most anthropogenically impacted marine ecosystem and is thought to be fundamentally driven from the bottom-up through climatic (temperature-related) influences on plankton, planktivorous fish, and the pelagic stages of demersal fish (11-13). Som...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between top-down and bottom-up control in marine food webs

Lynam

Llope

Möllmann

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

228

169

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“…Small individuals were found to feed through the winter in Oslofjorden (Brun 2007) and in the Baltic (Mö llmann et al 2004). In the North Sea, sprat !9 cm ceased feeding from July to February, while small individuals continued to feed through the winter (Last 1987;De Silva 1973;Szypula et al 1997;Casini et al 2004). These observations suggest that small sprat need more energy to survive and prioritize feeding during winter, while for large-sized sprat predator avoidance is the key issue, with reduced focus on feeding activity (Kaartvedt et al 2009).…”

Section: Feeding Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are a large number of articles related to the feeding ecology of sprat in the Baltic (Möllmann et al 2004;Casini et al 2004;Bernreuther 2007) and the North Sea (De Silva 1973;Last 1987;Voss et al 2009), very little is available on Norwegian coastal and fjord populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet composition and food selectivity of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in Hardangerfjord, Norway

Falkenhaug

Dalpadado

2013

Marine Biology Research

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The diet composition and prey selection of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) was studied in the Hardangerfjord, western Norway during four cruises in spring and autumn of 2009 and 2010. Feeding activity, indicated by stomach fullness, varied with sprat size, season and time of day. Small-sized sprat were found to feed both in spring and autumn, while the larger individuals had lower feeding activity late in the season. Diurnal variation in stomach fullness was observed in the autumn but not in spring. Sprat fed on a broad diversity of prey types, including copepods, phytoplankton and meroplankton. Multivariate statistical analysis suggested that the dietary composition of sprat differed significantly between years, seasons and among areas within the fjord. During spring, phytoplankton and invertebrate eggs dominated the diet, while copepods were most important in the autumn. Positive selection was found for Microsetella norvegica and euphausiid eggs, which were the most frequently occurring prey in stomachs, followed by Oithona and Acartia spp. Interannual variability in zooplankton abundance in the fjord, related to physical processes, may have a large impact on the feeding conditions for fjord populations of sprat.

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“…Adult specimens feed on the mysidacea, mainly Mysis mixta. The largest specimens, however, prefer juvenile stages of the Gobiidae fish (Arrhenius, Hansson 1992;Jackowski 2002;Casini et al 2004).…”

Section: Biological Description Of the Study Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residue of chlorinated pesticides in fish caught in the Southern Baltic

Reindl

Falkowska

Szumiło

et al. 2013

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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The aim of this study was to estimate the residue of chlorinated pesticides in the edible fish caught in the Gulf of Gdańsk and in the Vistula Lagoon. The highest mean concentrations of total DDT were found in the muscles of salmon (331.45 ng g -1 lw.) and sabre carp (306.29 ng g -1 lw.) caught in the Vistula Lagoon, and in the muscles of cod (309.88 ng g -1 lw.) and herring (304.86 ng g -1 lw.) from the Gulf of Gdańsk. Moreover, it was discovered that the following were present in the muscles of fish: DDT metabolites (pp'-DDE and pp'-DDD isomers) as well as hexachlorobenzene and its metabolites and endrin, dieldrin, α-endosulfan isomers and methoxychlor. Pesticides concentrations were higher in the livers of fish than in the muscles, which proves that the removal of toxins from the fish systems dominates over their accumulation. Because no concentration limits for pesticides have been defined, consumer safety assessment of fish caught in the Southern Baltic and in the Vistula Lagoon is not possible. The authors, having

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Feeding preferences of herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the southern Baltic Sea

Cited by 130 publications

References 31 publications

Interaction between top-down and bottom-up control in marine food webs

Interaction between top-down and bottom-up control in marine food webs

Diet composition and food selectivity of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in Hardangerfjord, Norway

Residue of chlorinated pesticides in fish caught in the Southern Baltic

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