Feeding capacity of caterpillars on cabbage, a factor in crop loss assessment

Theunissen, J.; Ouden, H. den; Wit, A. K. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1985.tb00467.x

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The most direct advantage of the tendency for feeding from the top would be to avoid accidental cutting of the main plant axis by the vigorously feeding L5 instars, which would lead to loss of the upper parts of the plant. As usual for late instar caterpillars (Theunissen et al, 1985), L5 larvae ingested a tremendous amount of material. In this case it was comparable to the remaining parts (after feeding by previous instars) of the relatively small C. pratensis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf and Floral Parts Feeding by Orange Tip Butterfly Larvae Depends on Larval Position but Not on Glucosinolate Profile or Nitrogen Level

et al. 2010

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In an attempt to identify chemical signals governing the general flower and silique feeding behavior of larvae of the orange tip butterfly, Anthocharis cardamines (L.), we investigated feeding behavior and chemistry of two major host plants: Cardamine pratensis L. and Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (garlic mustard). Larvae reportedly feed mainly on flowers and siliques rather than leaves in nature, and did so when observed on the original host plants. Behavioral experiments, using detached A. petiolata branches, however, showed that larvae readily accepted leaves and only the final instar showed a tendency for directed movement towards floral parts. To search for semiochemicals that control plant part preference and to assess possible nutritional consequences of floral parts feeding, we determined glucosinolate profiles and total nitrogen levels of floral parts and leaves. There was only moderate difference between glucosinolate profiles of leaves and floral parts within each of two host plant species. In contrast, the profiles of floral parts differed significantly between them. A. petiolata was dominated by 2-propenyl glucosinolate, while C. pratensis was dominated by aromatic glucosinolates and branched aliphatic glucosinolates, with considerable variation among populations. Nitrogen levels tended to be higher in floral parts than in leaves in A. petiolata, but not in C. pratensis, so floral feeding could not generally be attributed to higher N content. With the exception of a tendency of last instar larvae (L5) to move to the apex and ingest flowers and upper stem, we did not find either a plant chemistry basis or larval acceptance/rejection behavior that could explain the usual feeding of floral parts by orange tip larvae of all instars. However, by artificial manipulation of vertical larval position on host plants, we found that the frequency of leaf vs. flower feeding during 24 hr depended significantly on the initial larval position. Hence, we suggest that the placement of eggs on floral parts by ovipositing female butterflies is a major explanation of orange tip feeding habits previously known from field observations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf and Floral Parts Feeding by Orange Tip Butterfly Larvae Depends on Larval Position but Not on Glucosinolate Profile or Nitrogen Level

et al. 2010

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“…Both herbivore species are among the most serious pests of cultivated cabbage over much of Europe, but may also attack other related wild crucifers (Theunissen et al 1985). The cultivar served as a population with low levels of GS in leaf tissue compared to the wild populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation in Defense Chemistry in Wild Cabbages Affects Herbivores and Their Endoparasitoids

Gols

Wagenaar

Bukovinszky

et al. 2008

Ecology

212

249

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Abstract. Populations of wild Brassica oleracea L. grow naturally along the Atlantic coastlines of the United Kingdom and France. Over a very small spatial scale (i.e., ,15 km) these populations differ in the expression of the defensive compounds, glucosinolates (GS). Thus far, very few studies have examined interactions between genetically distinct populations of a wild plant species and associated consumers in a multitrophic framework. Here, we compared the development of a specialist (Pieris rapae) and a generalist (Mamestra brassicae) insect herbivore and their endoparasitoids (Cotesia rubecula and Microplitis mediator, respectively) on three wild populations and one cultivar of B. oleracea under controlled greenhouse conditions. Herbivore performance was differentially affected by the plant population on which they were reared. Plant population influenced only development time and pupal mass in P. rapae, whereas plant population also had a dramatic effect on survival of M. brassicae. Prolonged development time in P. rapae corresponded with high levels of the indole GS, neoglucobrassicin, whereas reduced survival in M. brassicae coincided with high levels of the aliphatic GS, gluconapin and sinigrin. The difference between the two species can be explained by the fact that the specialist P. rapae is adapted to feed on plants containing GS and has evolved an effective detoxification system against aliphatic GS. The different B. oleracea populations also affected development of the endoparasitoids. Differences in foodplant quality for the hosts were reflected in adult size in C. rubecula and survival in M. mediator, and further showed that parasitoid performance is also affected by herbivore diet.

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“…Inspection of predictions (Fig. 3) compared with data reported in the literature (Harcourt et al 1955;McEwen & Hervey 1960;Rahman 1970;Harper 1973;Boldt et al 1975;Chen & Su 1978Samson & Geier 1983;Theunissen et al 1985) indicates that the feeding rate model fit well. Data on feeding by A.…”

Section: Ej(t) = ± ±~[N' K/t)fpd'kj(t)]~tmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The greatest changes in accumulated area of feeding were caused by changing parameters governing A. rapae development or feeding, particularly initial age distribution. Fortunately, development rates for all three species considered here have been well studied, and studies done at widely different times and locations with different food sources suggest that average development rate at a given temperature is fairly constant (Hardy 1938;Richards 1940;Given 1944;Miner 1947;Harcourt et al 1955;Shorey et al 1962;Jackson et al 1969;Toba et al 1973;Boldt et al 1975;Butler et al 1975;Smith & Smilowitz 1976;Chen & Su 1978Tatchell 1981;Yamada & Kawasaki 1983;Theunissen et al 1985). Changes in forecast temperatures cause the next largest change in accumulated feeding, probably because of their effects on development and feeding rates.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 88%

Effect of Intraplant Insect Movement on Economic Thresholds

Hoy

McCulloch

Sawyer

et al. 1990

Environmental Entomology

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A simulation model was constructed to examine the effects of intra plant spatial dynamics of the lepidopteran pest complex of cabbage on direct damage to the marketable parts of the plant. Diurnal fluctuations in microclimate for different parts of the crop canopy were simulated with sine functions. Larval development rates for each species were simulated with logisticfunctions of temperature, the development processwith time-varying distributed delays, and feeding rates with exponential functions of temperature and larval age. Larval transition probabilities within the crop canopy were modeled with either constants or definite integrals of the Beta probability density function, the shape parameters of which were modeled as functions of temperature. The model provided a good fit to data on changes in intraplant distribution of these larvae and intraplant distribution of feeding damage. Evaluation of model predictions suggeststhat a threshold population density used for management decisions should not be static, but should be a complex function of species, larval age distribution, and forecast temperatures. A model like the one presented here could serve as that complex function.KEY WORDS Insecta, simulation, model, pest management CURRENTLY, many pest management programs rely on economic thresholds to determine when pest populations must be reduced to prevent economically important damage to a crop. The economic threshold is a simple model, which predicts that a certain amount of damage to the marketable parts of the crop will occur within a given period of time. Economic thresholds developed in the past (Stern 1973, Poston et al. 1983, Pedigo et al. 1986, Onstad 1987, however, did not take into account the spatial structure of multiple pests and their injury within the crop canopy . We hypothesize that intraplant movement of insect pests profoundly affects the amount of damage they cause on the marketable parts of their host plant. Herein we describe the construction and analysis of a simulation model we have used to explore the influence of intraplant spatial dynamics of insect pests on damage to the marketable parts of a crop. New techniques were developed to model intraplant movement as a function of microclimatic conditions within the crop canopy. Spatial dynamics of some species are influenced by the host plant (Hoy I To whomreprintrequestsshouldbe addressed. Currentaddress:Departmentof Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center,The OhioStateUniversity, Wooster, Ohio44691-6900.• The system we studied includes fresh market cabbage and its lepidopteran pest complex: diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L.; cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); and imported cabbageworm, Artogeia rapae L. The larvae of each pest damage the crop by chewing holes in the leaves. The marketable parts of the cabbage crop, the head and four surrounding wrapper leaves, and the unmarketable parts, the remaining frame leaves, are vulnerable to this feeding damage. Therefore, the leaves that are fed upon,...

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Feeding capacity of caterpillars on cabbage, a factor in crop loss assessment

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Leaf and Floral Parts Feeding by Orange Tip Butterfly Larvae Depends on Larval Position but Not on Glucosinolate Profile or Nitrogen Level

Leaf and Floral Parts Feeding by Orange Tip Butterfly Larvae Depends on Larval Position but Not on Glucosinolate Profile or Nitrogen Level

Genetic Variation in Defense Chemistry in Wild Cabbages Affects Herbivores and Their Endoparasitoids

Effect of Intraplant Insect Movement on Economic Thresholds

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