Feeding butter with elevated content of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid to obese-prone rats impairs glucose and insulin tolerance

Abstract

BackgroundWe recently demonstrated that feeding a natural CLAt10,c12-enriched butter to lean female rats resulted in small, but significant increases in fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, and impaired insulin tolerance. Our goal was to extend these findings by utilizing the diabetes-prone female fatty Zucker rat. Rats were fed custom diets containing 45 % kcal of fat derived from control and CLAt10,c12-enriched butter for 8 weeks.MethodsCLA t10,c12-enriched butter was prepared from milk collected from cows fed a high fermentable carbohydrate diet to create subacute rumen acidosis (SARA); control (non-SARA) butter was collected from cows fed a low grain diet. Female fatty Zucker rats (10 weeks old) were randomly assigned to one of four diet treatments: i) low fat (10 % kcal), ii) 45 % kcal lard, iii) 45 % kcal SARA butter, or iv) 45 % kcal non-SARA butter. A low fat fed lean Zucker group was used as a control group. After 8 weeks, i) glucose and insulin tolerance tests, ii) insulin signaling in muscle, adipose and liver, and iii) metabolic caging measurements were performed.ResultsGlucose and insulin tolerance were significantly impaired in all fatty Zucker groups, but to the greatest extent in the LARD and SARA conditions. Insulin signaling (AKT phosphorylation) was impaired in muscle, visceral (perigonadal) adipose tissue and liver in fatty Zucker rats, but was generally similar across dietary groups. Physical activity, oxygen consumption, food intake and weight gain were also similar amongst the various fatty Zucker groups.ConclusionsIncreasing the consumption of a food naturally enriched with CLAt10,c12 significantly worsens glucose and insulin tolerance in a diabetes-prone rodent model. This outcome is not explained by changes in tissue insulin signaling, physical activity, energy expenditure, food intake or body mass.

High Dose of A Conjugated Linoleic Acid Mixture Increases Insulin Resistance in Rats Fed Either A Low Fat or A High Fat Diet

“…Mice are more sensitive to hepatic acyl-CoA oxidase gene induction and hepatic lipid accumulation than rats [30]. Furthermore, a high fat diet seems to worsen the effects of t10,c12 CLA, as shown in female rats fed a high fat diet [31] and a normal fat diet [32] enriched with CLA. In the present study, the normal fat diet supplemented with CLA developed insulin resistance without an increase in body weight.…”

Safety and efficacy of methylester of conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12 isomer) for pigs for fattening, sows and cows

“…The NDA Panel issued three opinions on the safety of 'conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-rich oil' (Tonalin ® TG 80 and/or Clarinol ® ) as a Novel Food ingredient (EFSA NDA Panel, 2010b, c;, and two opinions on the substantiation of several health claims related to CLA isomers pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006(EFSA NDA Panel, 2010d2015). The NDA Panel concluded that a cause and effect relationship could not be established between the consumption of an equimolar mixture of the CLA isomers c9,t11 and t10,c12 and contribution to the maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight (bw), increase in lean body mass, increase in insulin sensitivity, protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage, and contribution to immune defences by stimulation of production of protective antibodies in response to vaccination (EFSA NDA Panel, 2010d) and contribution to a reduction in body fat mass (EFSA NDA Panel, 2015).…”

“…cardiovascular diseases, bone health, diabetes, lipid metabolism, cancer, immune function) are described in the reviews of Bhattacharya et al (2006), Salas-Salvado et al (2006 and Churruca et al (2009). Recent studies in laboratory animals showed that dietary CLA (t10,c12) is associated with several adverse effects, such as inflammation (Shen et al, 2015), impaired insulin tolerance (Stefanson et al, 2014;Hamilton et al, 2015), alteration in gut microbiota composition and functionality (Marques et al, 2015). Recent studies in laboratory animals showed that dietary CLA (t10,c12) is associated with several adverse effects, such as inflammation (Shen et al, 2015), impaired insulin tolerance (Stefanson et al, 2014;Hamilton et al, 2015), alteration in gut microbiota composition and functionality (Marques et al, 2015).…”

“…The NDA Panel issued three opinions on the safety of 'conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-rich oil' (Tonalin ® TG 80 and/or Clarinol ® ) as a Novel Food ingredient (EFSA NDA Panel, 2010b, c;, and two opinions on the substantiation of several health claims related to CLA isomers pursuant to Article 13 (1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006(EFSA NDA Panel, 2010d2015). The NDA Panel concluded that a cause and effect relationship could not be established between the consumption of an equimolar mixture of the CLA isomers c9,t11 and t10,c12 and contribution to the maintenance or…”

VALIDASI METODE ANALISIS ASAM LEMAK TRANS DALAM MAKANAN BERDASARKAN AOCS OFFICIAL METHOD Ce 1h-05

“…Asam lemak jenuh dan ALT sama-sama meningkatkan rasio low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) yang memicu CHD (Gebauer et al, 2015;Siri-Tarino et al, 2010), namun efek negatif yang ditimbulkan ALT mendekati dua kali lebih besar dibandingkan asam lemak jenuh karena asam lemak jenuh hanya meningkatkan kadar LDL, sementara ALT meningkatkan kadar LDL dan juga mengurangi HDL dalam darah (Sartika, 2008;Hunter et al, 2010). Pada tingkat berlebih, ALT dapat menginduksi penyakit diabetes mellitus tipe 2. dengan menurunkan sensitivitas insulin (Hamilton et al, 2015;Kavanagh et al, 2007). Kelebihan ALT disimpan dalam jaringan lemak yang dalam jangka panjang dapat terakumulasi dan menyebabkan obesitas (Stachowska et al, 2010).…”