Feeding Behavior of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) and L. trifolii (Burgess) Adults on Bean Leaves

Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against Tuta absoluta

“…With Liriomyza, nematodes enter the mines through the holes made by the female on leaves during oviposition. Larvae are unable to move between leaves and all larval instars occur inside the mines (Ameixa et al, 2007). In contrast, in T. absoluta, nematodes enter the mines through the larger holes produced by larvae when they penetrate the leaves, which can be easily used by nematodes to enter the mines and thus avoid desiccation and infect the larvae more rapidly.…”

Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta in laboratory and greenhouse conditions

“…In Liriomyza the only entry to the tunnel are those resulting from punctures made by the female on the leaves during the oviposition. All larval development happens inside the galleries, and larvae are incapable moving between leaves (Ameixa et al 2007). However, tomato leafminer larvae produce tunnels generating big entry holes to the galleries that can be effortless used by nematodes to penetrate and avoid desiccation and ultraviolet light and finally infect the larvae.…”

Entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents tomato leafminer Tuta absolute compared with the chemical insecticide, Emamectin benzoate.

“…Emamectin benzoate is highly potent in a broad spectrum of lepidopteron insect pests. It has the potential to penetrate leaf tissues by translaminar movement and it has been recommended for controlling tomato leaf miners in many countries such as Algeria [33] and Greece [5]. Invasive alien species causes a high degree of loss in crop productivity, and it is difficult to control [34], it should be managed carefully from infected land to maximize productivity and to limit the spreading and invasion to other land [35] Steinernema sp.…”