Feeding behavior and digestive physiology in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Sun, Jiamin; Zhang, Libin; Yang, Pan; Lin, Chenggang; Wang, Fang; Kan, Rentao; Yang, Hongsheng

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.051

Cited by 65 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Static calculations suggested that the leaching rate of taurine in the pellet feed was very high, considering the actual level at 0.02, 0.11, 0.27, 0.51, 1.01, and 1.97%. It is also difficult to evaluate the accurate amount of taurine that had been taken by sea cucumbers, resulting from the taurine leaching and continuous feeding behavior of sea cucumbers (Sun et al ). To increase the efficacy of taurine in juvenile sea cucumbers, the coated taurine in the pelleted feed may be more effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The actual content of taurine in the six diets was 0.02, 0.11, 0.27, 0.51, 1.01, and 1.97%, respectively (Table ). The leaching experiment showed that the pelleted feed became soft, but still remained in pellet form after 12 h and it could retain the pelleted form for 24 h. We fed the sea cucumbers once every 12 h and because these animals feed very slowly and feed at all hours after being fed (Sun et al ), the leaching experiment detected the actual content of taurine 12 h after the diet had been fed. The actual content of taurine in the six diets after feeding for 12 h was 0.00, 0.03, 0.08, 0.14, 0.25, and 0.49%, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Dietary Taurine on the Growth, Digestive Enzymes, and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Zhao

Zhang

Yuan

et al. 2016

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Taurine has been widely used as a growth‐ or health‐promoting additive in aquatic animals because of its multiple functions, while little work has been done on its effects on sea cucumbers, in spite of the occurrence of serious diseases. In this study, juvenile sea cucumbers (4.68 ± 0.04 g) were fed diets supplemented with taurine at 0% (control), 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% for 8 wk. At the end of an 8‐wk feeding trial, growth performance of sea cucumbers was not significantly affected by dietary taurine (P > 0.05). However, dietary taurine significantly elevated intestinal lipase activities of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Intestinal amylase activity and trypsin activity in sea cucumbers did not show significant changes after animals were fed diets supplemented with taurine (P > 0.05). Dietary taurine at all five dosages significantly increased total antioxidant capacity in sea cucumbers, while superoxide dismutase activity in groups with dietary taurine at 0.25 and 0.5% was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Therefore, it appears that taurine could be used as a potential feed additive to confer better health of farmed sea cucumbers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Taurine on the Growth, Digestive Enzymes, and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Zhao

Zhang

Yuan

et al. 2016

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…7D), and certain tentacle morphologies appear as apomorphies for certain clades (e.g., Dendrochirotida). Although few studies have investigated the functionality of holothuroid tentacles (e.g., Roberts and Bryce, 1982;Sun et al, 2015), it is thought that tentacle shape corresponds with food type (Smirnov, 2016) and habitat preference, and that this "resource partitioning" might help avoid competition for food (Roberts and Moore, 1997). For example, Roberts and Moore (1997) suggested that the peltate and digitate tentacles of some deep-sea deposit-feeding holothuroids (e.g., Oneirophanta mutabilis, Psychropotes longicauda, and Paroriza pallens) may be adaptations to the specific sediments on which they feed, and that their selected diets may limit their competition for food in occasionally oligotrophic environments.…”

Section: Tentacle Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny of extant Holothuroidea (Echinodermata)

Miller

Kerr

Paulay

et al. 2017

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

142

115

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Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are a morphologically diverse, ecologically important, and economically valued clade of echinoderms; however, the understanding of the overall systematics of the group remains controversial. Here, we present a phylogeny of extant Holothuroidea assessed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches using approximately 4.3kb of mt- (COI, 16S, 12S) and nDNA (H3, 18S, 28S) sequences from 82 holothuroid terminals representing 23 of the 27 widely-accepted family-ranked taxa. Currently five holothuroid taxa of ordinal rank are accepted. We find that three of the five orders are non-monophyletic, and we revise the taxonomy of the groups accordingly. Apodida is sister to the rest of Holothuroidea, here considered Actinopoda. Within Actinopoda, Elasipodida in part is sister to the remaining Actinopoda. This latter clade, comprising holothuroids with respiratory trees, is now called Pneumonophora. The traditional Aspidochirotida is paraphyletic, with representatives from three orders (Molpadida, Dendrochirotida, and Elasipodida in part) nested within. Therefore, we discontinue the use of Aspidochirotida and instead erect Holothuriida as the sister group to the remaining Pneumonophora, here termed Neoholothuriida. We found four well-supported major clades in Neoholothuriida: Dendrochirotida, Molpadida and two new clades, Synallactida and Persiculida. The mapping of traditionally-used morphological characters in holothuroid systematics onto the phylogeny revealed marked homoplasy in most characters demonstrating that further taxonomic revision of Holothuroidea is required. Two time-tree analyses, one based on calibrations for uncontroversial crown group dates for Eleutherozoa, Echinozoa and Holothuroidea and another using these calibrations plus four more from within Holothuroidea, showed major discrepancies, suggesting that fossils of Holothuroidea may need reassessment in terms of placing these forms with existing crown clades.

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“…Sea cucumbers feed by extending their buccal tentacles either into or over the sediment surface (deposit feeders) or into the water column (suspension feeders) using a variety of tentacle forms (Roberts and Moore, 1997). Factors that are known to cause variation in the tentacle insertion rate of sea cucumbers include body size (Sun et al, 2015), current speed (Holtz and MacDonald, 2009;Singh et al, 1999), and food quality or concentration (Singh et al, 1998(Singh et al, , 1999. These factors might counteract or exacerbate the effect of temperature on tentacle locomotion in the wild.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of water temperature on diel feeding, locomotion behaviour and digestive physiology in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Sun

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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This study used controlled laboratory conditions to directly assess the role of water temperature in controlling diel feeding and locomotion behaviours, and digestive physiology, in the sea cucumber The results revealed that both the proportion of feeding individuals and ingestion rate were highest at 16°C. Regardless of water temperature, sea cucumbers appeared to be nocturnal and their peak feeding activity occurred at 00:00 h to 04:00 h. Tentacle insertion rate was not significantly correlated with water temperature (<24°C). In all temperature treatments except 24°C, the proportion of moving sea cucumbers was also observed to be higher at night than during the day. The water temperature above thermal threshold (24°C) for aestivation may alter the diel locomotion rhythm. The highest lipase and amylase activities were both observed at 20°C. The highest activities of lipase and amylase at all temperature treatments were observed at 22:00 h to 02:00 h, which was slightly earlier than the feeding peak. In conclusion, even in total darkness, showed more active feeding and moving activities, and higher digestive enzyme activities, at night than during the day. These results demonstrated that diel feeding and locomotion behaviours, at least in the short term, were not controlled by light or low water temperature (<24°C) but by an endogenous rhythm, and had the ability to optimize the digestive function for the coming feeding peak. These findings should provide valuable information for the development of the aquaculture of this species.

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Feeding behavior and digestive physiology in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Cited by 65 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of Dietary Taurine on the Growth, Digestive Enzymes, and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Effects of Dietary Taurine on the Growth, Digestive Enzymes, and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Molecular phylogeny of extant Holothuroidea (Echinodermata)

Effect of water temperature on diel feeding, locomotion behaviour and digestive physiology in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

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