Feeding and Maturation by Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae on Soybean Affected by Weed, Fungus, and Nematode Pests

Carter-Wientjes, Carol H.; Russin, J. S.; Boethel, D. J.; Griffin, James L.; McGawley, E. C.

doi:10.1603/0022-0493-97.1.14

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, studies on above‐ground chewing herbivorous insects also drew conflicting conclusions. Soybean roots infected with the root‐knot nematode M. incognita had no consistent effects on the soybean looper Pseudoplusia includens Walker (Carter‐Wientjes et al ., ), but soybean roots colonised by the soybean cyst nematode increased the larval population size of the herbivore H. zea (Alston et al ., ). As far as we know, there has been no study to examine the effects of soybean root herbivory by cyst nematodes on the next above‐ground trophic level: natural enemies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Below‐ground nematode herbivory of resistant soybean cultivars impairs the performances of an above‐ground caterpillar and its parasitoid

Ling

2017

Ecological Entomology

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1. Interactions between below‐ and above‐ground organisms have attracted interest in recent years, but less is known about the effect of root‐feeding nematodes on above‐ground trophic interactions between herbivores and their natural enemies. 2. This study examined whether the presence of the soybean cyst root nematode Heterodera glycines influences the performance of the above‐ground leaf‐chewing tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura on soybeans, Glycine max, and whether this in turn affects the success of its parasitoid, Meteorus pulchricornis. Using three soybean cultivars that varied in the level of constitutive resistance to the tobacco cutworm, the study determined whether feeding by the nematode altered the developmental and reproductive performances of the caterpillar and its parasitoid. 3. Root feeding by the nematode slowed tobacco cutworm larval development time and reduced adult body weight. Root feeding by the nematode also had a negative effect on the caterpillar's parasitoid, by prolonging development time, decreasing adult body size and reducing fecundity. These effects increased in a linear trend and varied in magnitude depending on levels of soybean constitutive resistance. 4. These findings demonstrate that root feeding by the nematode can prime soybean plants with negative impacts on their herbivore and its parasitoid, and that the impact may vary in magnitude depending on levels of soybean constitutive defence. The results emphasise the need to integrate soybean constitutive and root nematode‐induced defences for a better understanding of below‐ and above‐ground organism interactions, and to allow insights to be gained into the improvement of soybean integrated pest management programmes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Below‐ground nematode herbivory of resistant soybean cultivars impairs the performances of an above‐ground caterpillar and its parasitoid

Ling

2017

Ecological Entomology

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Stem Nematode Counteracts Plant Resistance of Aphids in Alfalfa, Medicago Sativa

Spears

2014

J Chem Ecol

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Plants are exploited by a diverse community of insect herbivores and phytopathogens that interact indirectly through plant-mediated interactions. Generally, plants are thought to respond to insects and pathogens through different defensive signaling pathways. As plants are selected for resistance to one phytophagous organism type (insect vs. pathogen) in managed systems, it is not clear how this selection may affect community interactions. This study examined the effect of nematode-resistant varieties on aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) suppression, and then determined how infection by the stem nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, mediated ecological effects on aphids and on plant defense proteins. Four alfalfa (Medicago sativa) varieties were selected with resistance to nematodes only (+,−), aphids only (−,+), nematodes and aphids (+,+), and susceptibility to nematodes and aphids (−,−). Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to isolate the effect of nematode infection and aphid abundance on each variety. We found that varieties resistant to nematode, regardless of aphid resistance, had the lowest aphid counts, suggesting possible cross-resistance. Aphid abundance, however, increased when plants were exposed to nematodes. Resistant varieties were associated with elevated saponins but these compounds were not affected by insect or pathogen feeding. Concentrations of peroxidases and trypsin inhibitors, however, were increased in nematode resistant varieties when exposed to nematodes and aphids, respectively. The patterns of plant defense were variable, and a combination of resistance traits and changes in nutrient availability may drive positive interactions between nematodes and aphids aboveground.

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Feeding and Maturation by Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae on Soybean Affected by Weed, Fungus, and Nematode Pests

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Below‐ground nematode herbivory of resistant soybean cultivars impairs the performances of an above‐ground caterpillar and its parasitoid

Below‐ground nematode herbivory of resistant soybean cultivars impairs the performances of an above‐ground caterpillar and its parasitoid

Stem Nematode Counteracts Plant Resistance of Aphids in Alfalfa, Medicago Sativa

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