Feeding

Abstract

Animal nutrition and feed science are the main scientific promote for today's modern breeding and feed industries. Animal nutrition is the most important factor affecting performance, reproduction and products quality. Improving productivity through better nutrition is determined by some interrelated considerations such as the availability of nutrients, type of feeding system and the level of feeding management. Poor nutrition affects growth, reproduction and immune system. Besides, feed has financially the largest share in animal production, irrespective of species and production system. Feed accounts for 65-75% of total cost of livestock production. This chapter provides the fundamental concepts of animal nutrition a general awareness on nutrition and feeding of livestock (swine, poultry, beef and dairy cattle, sheep and goat). Besides, feed is financially the single most important element of animal production in most production system.

A single calibration of near-infrared spectroscopy to determine the quality of forage for multiple species

“…As mentioned before, according to Kirkpinar and Açikgöz (2018), pastures present highly variable concentrations of nutrients, depending on many factors. Therefore, obtaining information about the composition of forage nutrients is essential to decision-making in pasture management and, consequently, higher animal performance.…”

“…A large sample range for each analyzed component is very desirable for developing a forage calibration curve (Table 1). Different species, such as grass and legumes, as well as other factors for the same species, such as geographic location, soil structure, environmental conditions, and grazing management, present variations in nutrient concentration (Kirkpinar & Açikgöz, 2018). In addition, since external validation is a recommended tool for performance evaluation of prediction models (Lobos et al, 2013), the validation set should present an amplitude similar to that of the calibration set.…”

Science and technology for the community of traditional beef cattle farmers who face animal feed problem

“…Pelatihan dan pendampingan yang dilakukan selama program pengabdian difokuskan pada pengoptimalan pemberian pakan terhadap ternak. Pakan yang baik untuk sapi adalah yang dapat memenuhi protein, karbohidrat, lemak, vitamin, dan mineral (Kırkpınar & Açıkgöz, 2018). Protein berfungsi untuk mengganti sel-sel yang telah rusak, membentuk sel-sel tubuh baru, sumber energi, dan kesehatan organ (Wang & Hill, 2015).…”

Substitution of Soybean Meal by Shrimp Head Meal (Penaeus Monodon) in Poultry Ration for the Performance of Growing Pullets

“…Prices of eggs and poultry meat in the country become very high due to high prices of poultry feeds in local as well as international markets. Feed cost which accounts for 65-75 % of the total cost of poultry, egg and meat production remains the major factor limiting the development and expansion of poultry farming (Kirkpinar and Acikgoz, 2018).Therefore, to keep the prices of poultry and poultry products within the capacity of people, it is important to formulate low cost balanced ration utilizing unconventional feed resources. Traditionally soybean meal (SBM) is the major protein source in commercial layer chicken ration elsewhere in the world.…”