Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an efficient and chemical-free technique for quickly assessing forage quality. However, calibration curves are usually validated for the forage of a single species, while few studies have reported on the forage of multiple species. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a broad system of calibrating curves by NIRS to predict neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) values from single and mixed forage. To accomplish this, single and mixed forage (32 forage species) were sampled over six years (2013 to 2019) from different regions of Santa Catarina state in southern Brazil. Forage samples were chemically analyzed for NDF, ADF and CP levels, followed by performing spectroscopy. Next, calibration curves were calculated as Second Derivative for NDF, First Derivative + Multiplicative Scattering Correction for ADF, and, Multiplicative Scattering Correction for CP. Approximately 200 sample forage, resulted in determination coefficient (R2) values of 0.94, 0.95, and 0.98 and validation values of 0.94, 0.95, and 0.97 for NDF, ADF, and CP, respectively. Thus, calibration curves were properly developed for quality assessment of single or mixed forage for multiple species, resulting in a chemical-free and time-saving tool for routine laboratory use.
The determination of dry matter (DM) of forages is carried out in feed analysis laboratories mainly with the aid of a forced ventilation oven (FVO), a slower technique than the determination using a microwave oven (MO). Thus, the objective was to evaluate the influence of 2 drying methods on the nutritional composition of forages evaluated by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Six forage species were evaluated, dried in a forced ventilation oven (FVO) and microwave oven (MO). The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement (2 drying methods and 6 forage species). Then, the drying methodology influenced only the DM contents of the Paiaguás and Marandu cultivars, presenting lower values when dried in MO. For crude protein levels, the cultivar Xaraés was lower when dried in FVO, opposite behavior to that observed for Marandu, which showed lower value through MO. The NDF and ADF contents were not influenced by drying methods. The use of MO for the determination of DM is promising however further studies are needed to evaluate possible changes in the composition of the feed, mainly when evaluated by NIRS.
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