Feeding

Bmstedt, Ulf; Gifford, Dian J.; Irigoien, Xabier; Atkinson, Angus; Roman, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/b978-012327645-2/50009-8

Cited by 149 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 321 publications

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“…The trophic interactions are particularly complex in subtropical coastal and estuarine environments where planktonic abundances, compositions and mesozooplankton feeding preferences are temporally variable because of dynamic hydrographic conditions (Gifford et al, 2007 and this study). Factors that regulating the feeding rates of mesozooplankton in dynamic environments generally include abundance of food items that affects the functional response of grazers, prey particle size and palatability that affects the feeding selectivity of grazers, characteristics of grazers (size and feeding behavior), physical environmental parameters (temperature and salinity) and turbulence (Kiørboe and Saiz, 1995;Båmstedt et al, 2000;Levinsen et al, 2000). Our result showed that mesozooplankton clearance rate (feeding rates per biomass) was FIGURE 8 | Mesozooplankton clearance rates on total phytoplankton community (Total) and phytoplankton with different sizes (Large: >20 µm; Middle: 2 ∼ 20 µm and 5 ∼ 20 µm in the first and the second sampling year, respectively; Small: <2 and <5 µm in the first and the second sampling year, respectively) at the two stations EO and WE.…”

Section: Discussion the Net Effect Of Mesozooplankton Feeding On Phytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

2017

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In order to understand how mesozooplankton assemblages influenced phytoplankton in coastal and estuarine waters, we carried out a monthly investigation on mesozooplankton composition at two contrasting stations of Hong Kong coastal and estuarine waters and simultaneously conducted bottle incubation feeding experiments. The assemblage of mesozooplankton was omnivorous at both stations with varying carnivory degree (the degree of feeding preference of protozoa and animal food to phytoplankton) and the variations of carnivory degree were significantly associated with microzooplankton biomass (ciliates for the coastal station, both ciliates and dinoflagellates for the estuarine stations) and physical environmental parameters (primarily salinity). High carnivory was primarily due to high composition of noctilucales, Corycaeus spp., Oithona spp. and Acartia spp. Results of feeding experiments showed that grazing impacts on phytoplankton ranged from −5.9 to 17.7%, while the mean impacts were just <4% at both stations. The impacts were size-dependent, by which mesozooplankton consumed around 9% of large-sized phytoplankton while indirectly caused an increase of 4% of small-sized phytoplankton. Mesozooplankton clearance rate on phytoplankton, calculated from the log response of chlorophyll a concentrations by the introduction of bulk grazers after 1-day incubation, was significantly reduced by increasing carnivory degree of the mesozooplankton assemblage. The mechanism for the reduction of mesozooplankton clearance rate with increasing carnivory degree was primarily due to less efficient of filtering feeding and stronger trophic cascades due to suppression of microzooplankton. The feeding rates of mesozooplankton on microzooplankton were not obtained in this study, but the trophic cascades indirectly induced by mesozooplankton carnivorous feeding can be observed by the negative clearance rate on small-sized phytoplankton. Overall, the main significance of this study is the empirical relationship between carnivory degree and clearance rate, which allow researchers to potentially predict the herbivory of mesozooplankton in the nature without conducting feeding experiments.

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Section: Discussion the Net Effect Of Mesozooplankton Feeding On Phytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

2017

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“…Zooplankton grazing rates were not measured during the present study. However, the mesozooplankton ingestion rate (I ) can be estimated from the fecal pellet sinking rate measured at 150 m (E ), assuming an assimilation efficiency (AE) of 70% (Carlotti et al 2000) and using the relationship I = E / (1 -AE) (Båmstedt et al 2000). This calculation gives potential ingestion rates of 147, 87 and 177 mg C m -2 d -1 by the migrating zooplankton population in the upper water column on Days 2, 4 and 6, respectively.…”

Section: Mesozooplankton Grazing In the Upper Twilight Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate organic carbon export in the upper twilight zone during the decline of the spring bloom

Pommier¹,

Michel²,

Gosselin³

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Copepod or fecal pellets were sampled directly into extraction tubes. When more time is needed to sort samples of live animals after washing, they should be rapidly frozen before sorting as described by Båmstedt et al (2000). Copepods were subfractioned for subsequent pigment and DNA analysis.…”

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to quantify the trophic interactions of copepods and other mesozooplankton in situ, it is not only necessary to assess all important prey, including heterotrophs, but it should also be done with an absolute minimum of handling and temporal and spatial confinement prior to collection and analysis of the predator. Several methods have been developed to assess mesozooplankton grazing rates (Båmstedt et al 2000), including the fast and coarse gut pigment method (Mackas and Bohrer 1976), isotope-based in vitro approaches (Roman and Rublee 1981), and laborious time-intensive microscopy-based studies (Verity and Paffenhöfer 1996;Nejstgaard et al 2001). Each approach has its own experimental limitations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of algal prey in copepod guts and fecal pellets

Nejstgaard

Frischer

Raule

et al. 2003

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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The ability to obtain information about feeding selectivity and rates in situ for key organisms such as copepods and other zooplankton is vital for understanding the mechanisms structuring marine ecosystems. Copepods feed on a wide range of prey, and there are presently no methods available to directly quantify zooplankton feeding on all different prey types in situ. Therefore, the development of a new nonintrusive direct method is necessary to gain a better understanding of the trophic interactions in aquatic ecosystems. Molecular methods based on the polymerase chain reaction have recently become an important tool to study predation by arthropods, particularly insects. Here we present the first results of successful molecular detection of a specific prey consumed by calanoid copepods from gut and fecal material. Using the calanoid copepod species Calanus finmarchicus consuming the haptophyte alga Emiliania huxleyi as a model system, 18S ribosomal DNA originating from E. huxleyi was unambiguously detected in whole DNA extracts from copepods and from their fecal pellets. The results also suggest that prey DNA may be quantified for determination of prey-specific zooplankton feeding rates. However, significantly more research under controlled laboratory and field conditions will be required to achieve these objectives. We hypothesize that molecular methods will become an important tool with the potential to quantify undisturbed trophic interactions between individual predators and all their prey in the complex natural plankton.

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Feeding

Cited by 149 publications

References 321 publications

Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

Particulate organic carbon export in the upper twilight zone during the decline of the spring bloom

Molecular detection of algal prey in copepod guts and fecal pellets

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