Feedback negativity and decision‐making behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in adolescents is modulated by peer presence

Keßler, Luisa; Hewig, Johannes; Weichold, Karina; Silbereisen, Rainer Κ.; Miltner, Wolfgang H. R.

doi:10.1111/psyp.12783

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Previous studies using the ‘driving task’ in typically developing adolescents reported increased risk-taking in the context of a peer being present ( Gardner and Steinberg, 2005 ; Chein et al , 2011 ). However, a recent study that also used the BART reported that typically developing adolescents show reduced risk-taking when observed by a peer, consistent with the findings of this study ( Kessler et al , 2017 ). This suggests that the effect of peer presence on risk-taking behaviour is influenced by the specific situational context.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Risk-taking, peer-influence and child maltreatment: a neurocognitive investigation

Hoffmann

Puetz

Viding

et al. 2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Maltreatment is associated with increased risk of a range of psychiatric disorders, many of which are characterized by altered risk-taking propensity. Currently, little is known about the neural correlates of risk-taking in children exposed to maltreatment, nor whether their risk-taking is atypically modulated by peer influence. Seventy-five 10- to 14-year-old children [maltreated (MT) group: N = 41; non-maltreated Group (NMT): N = 34] performed a Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), under three different peer influence conditions: while alone, while being observed by a peer and while being encouraged by a peer to take risks. The MT group engaged in less risk-taking irrespective of peer influence. There was no differential effect of peer influence on risk-taking behaviour across groups. At the neural level, the right anterior insula (rAI) exhibited altered risk sensitivity across conditions in the MT group. Across groups and conditions, rAI risk sensitivity was negatively associated with risk-taking and within the MT group greater rAI risk sensitivity was related to more anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that children with a history of maltreatment show reduced risk-taking but typical responses to peer influence. Abnormal rAI functioning contributes to the pattern of reduced risk-taking and may predispose children exposed to maltreatment to develop future psychopathology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Risk-taking, peer-influence and child maltreatment: a neurocognitive investigation

Hoffmann

Puetz

Viding

et al. 2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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“…Peer presence per se is proved to have an effect on the decision-making of adolescents, leading to riskier choices (e.g., Chein, Albert, O'Brien, Uckert, & Steinberg, 2011;Smith, Chein, & Steinberg, 2014), or even more cautious behavior, probably depending on the situational context, the reward scheme, and the stochasticity of the task (Kessler, Weichold, Silbereisen, 2017). Aiming to promote the disentanglement of the different factors of risk-taking, here we ruled out the social aspects, allowing for the examination of the cognitive process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do adolescents take more risks? Not when facing a novel uncertain situation

Éltető

Janacsek

Kóbor

et al. 2017

Preprint

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In real-world decision-making, sub-optimal risk-taking is characteristic to adolescents, which increases the chance of serious negative outcomes (e.g., road traffic accidents) for them.Nevertheless, we are still lacking conclusive evidence for an inverted U-shaped developmental trajectory for risk-taking, since it is typically not observed in laboratory-based studies. This raises the question whether adolescents are really more risk-takers or when facing a novel risky situation they behave just as children and adults do. To answer that, we used the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) to assess the risky decision making of 173 individuals ranging in age from 7 to 29.The BART provided useful data for characterizing multiple aspects of risk-taking. Surprisingly, we found that adolescents were not more inclined to take risks than children or young adults.Participants in all age groups were able to adapt their learning processes to the probabilistic environment and improve their performance during the sequential risky choice; however, there were no age-related differences in risk-taking at any stage of the task. Likewise, neither negative feedback reactivity nor overall task performance distinguished adolescents from the younger and older age groups. Our findings prompt 1) methodological considerations about the plausibility of the BART and 2) theoretical debate about whether the amount of prior experience on its own may account for age-related changes in real-life risk-taking, since risk-taking in a novel and uncertain situation was invariant across developmental stages.

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“…After each pump, participants have the choice to either save the money, or to inflate the balloon further, taking the risk for the balloon to burst and to lose the already accumulated money. Indeed, both studies were not able to replicate the peer effect when measuring risk taking by the overall number of inflated balloons (Reynolds et al, 2014 ; Kessler et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: How Do Different Incentives Influence Decision-making and Comentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Different Kinds of Incentives on Decision-Making and Cognitive Control in Adolescent Development: A Review of Behavioral and Neuroscientific Studies

et al. 2018

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A number of recent hypothetical models on adolescent development take a dual-systems perspective and propose an imbalance in the maturation of neural systems underlying reward-driven and control-related behavior. In particular, such models suggest that the relative dominance of the early emerging subcortical reward system over the later emerging prefrontal-guided control system leads to higher risk-taking and sensation-seeking behavior in mid-adolescents. Here, we will review recent empirical evidence from behavioral and neuroscientific studies examining interactions between these systems and showing that empirical evidence in support for the view of a higher sensitivity to rewards in mid-adolescents is rather mixed. One possible explanation for this may be the use of different kinds and amounts of incentives across studies. We will therefore include developmental studies comparing the differential influence of primary and secondary incentives, as well as those investigating within the class of secondary incentives the effects of monetary, cognitive, or social incentives. We hypothesized that the value of receiving sweets or sours, winning or losing small or large amounts of money, and being accepted or rejected from a peer group may also changes across development, and thereby might modulate age differences in decision-making and cognitive control. Our review revealed that although developmental studies directly comparing different kinds of incentives are rather scarce, results of various studies rather consistently showed only minor age differences in the impact of incentives on the behavioral level. In tendency, adolescents were more sensitive to higher amounts of incentives and larger uncertainty of receiving them, as well as to social incentives such as the presence of peers observing them. Electrophysiological studies showed that processing efficiency was enhanced during anticipation of incentives and receiving them, irrespective of incentive type. Again, we found no strong evidence for interactions with age across studies. Finally, functional brain imaging studies revealed evidence for overlapping brain regions activated during processing of primary and secondary incentives, as well as social and non-social incentives. Adolescents recruited similar reward-related and control-related brain regions as adults did, but to a different degree. Implications for future research will be discussed.

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Feedback negativity and decision‐making behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in adolescents is modulated by peer presence

Cited by 42 publications

References 75 publications

Risk-taking, peer-influence and child maltreatment: a neurocognitive investigation

Risk-taking, peer-influence and child maltreatment: a neurocognitive investigation

Do adolescents take more risks? Not when facing a novel uncertain situation

The Influence of Different Kinds of Incentives on Decision-Making and Cognitive Control in Adolescent Development: A Review of Behavioral and Neuroscientific Studies

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