“…This is an approach to motivate people and change their personalities through discovering new thoughts, mastering new skills and satisfying their requirements Chemsi et al, ( 2020 ) | Computer adaptive testing (CAT) | The CAT tries to modify the selection of questions to maximize the information obtained. It can be proved that this condition is equivalent to the selection of the question whose difficulty is closer to the currently estimated student knowledge | Conejo et al, ( 2016 ) |
Quasi‐experimental research methodology | Quasi-experimental research methodology has two equivalent groups and no control group in which successive measures have been conducted but always within the intervention, that is, under the influence of the independent variable | Gaona, et al, ( 2018 ) |
The DeLone & McLean IS success model | This model was first introduced in 1992, in which the system quality, information quality, use, user satisfaction, individual impact, and organizational impact are distinct, but related dimensions of IS (Information systems) success | Marjanovic et al, ( 2016 ) |
Activity theory | Activity theory has been an interdisciplinary approach to human science and an evolving theoretical framework through several generations and multiple perspectives | Park & Jo, ( 2017 ) |
Merrill's problem-centric framework | This framework is to engage with students cognitively, emotionally, and behaviourally. This framework was proposed in 2013, designing principles for “e3 learning” (effective, efficient, and engaging learning) | Wang, ( 2019 ) |
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