Feed Additives in Swine Diets

Cromwell, G. L.

doi:10.1002/9781118491454.ch13

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…which may enhance immune regulation, health status, and improve pig performance (Kenny et al, 2011;Cromwell, 2013). Addition of DFM to nursery diets may also reduce diarrhea (Eigel, 1989), but improved growth performance has not been consistently observed (Stavric and Kornegay, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a 3 strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial and dietary fiber concentration on growth performance and expression of genes related to absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids in weanling pigs1

Jaworski

Owusu-Asiedu

Walsh

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Science

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Effects of a -based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance, plasma tumor necrosis factor ɑ (TNFɑ), relative gene expression, and intestinal VFA concentrations in weanling pigs fed low- or high-fiber diets were evaluated. Two hundred pigs (initial BW: 6.31 ± 0.73 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (5 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment). Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 diet types [low-fiber (LF) or high-fiber (HF)] and 2 concentrations of DFM (0 or 60 g DFM/t of feed). The DFM contained 1.5 × 10 cfu/g and was obtained from Danisco Animal Nutrition-DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, UK. Phase 1 diets were fed for 2 wk post-weaning and phase 2 diets were fed over the following 29 d. Low fiber diets contained corn and soybean meal as main ingredients and HF diets contained corn, soybean meal, corn distillers dried grains with solubles (7.5 and 15.0% in phase 1 and 2, respectively), and wheat middlings (10.0%). Pigs and feed were weighed at the start and at the end of each phase, and ADG, ADFI, and G:F were calculated. At the conclusion of phase 2, blood was collected from 1 pig per pen and 1 pig per pen was sacrificed. Cecum and rectum contents were analyzed for VFA, and tissue samples were collected from the ileum, cecum, rectum, and liver to determine expression of genes related to absorption and metabolism of VFA using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Results indicated that feeding HF diets reduced ( ≤ 0.05) ADFI and ADG of pigs compared with feeding LF diets. Pigs fed DFM diets had improved ( ≤ 0.05) G:F compared with pigs fed non-DFM diets. Pigs fed LF diets had greater ( ≤ 0.05) BW at the end of phase 2 compared with pigs fed HF diets. The concentration of VFA in rectum contents was greater ( ≤ 0.05) in pigs fed LF diets than in pigs fed HF diets. The expression of in the rectum of pigs fed HF diets was greater ( ≤ 0.05) than for pigs fed LF diets, and pigs fed DFM-containing diets had an increased ( ≤ 0.05) expression of in the liver. Pigs fed HF diets had greater ( ≤ 0.05) concentrations of urea N in plasma compared with pigs fed LF diets, but dietary fiber and DFM had no effect on plasma concentration of TNF-ɑ. In conclusion, the -based DFM improved overall G:F of weanling pigs, but pigs fed LF diets had greater final BW than pigs fed HF diets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a 3 strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial and dietary fiber concentration on growth performance and expression of genes related to absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids in weanling pigs1

Jaworski

Owusu-Asiedu

Walsh

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Science

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“…1 Five supplemental levels of functional oils (n = 40 total, n = 8 per supplemental level); results are shown as least squared means. 2 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; 3 Interleukin 8; 4 Malondialdehyde; 5 Protein carbonyl; 6 Immunoglobulin A; 7 Immunoglobulin G.…”

Section: Immune Status and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post-weaning diarrhea is one of the most destructive problems to newly weaned pigs, impairing their intestinal health and subsequent performance [4,5]. Antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) have been conventionally used in nursery diets to control PWD and improve growth performance [6]. However, with the increasing concern about antimicrobial-resistant pathogens [7] and the ban of using AGP in many countries [8], different alternatives have started to be developed to promote the health and growth of pigs [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplemental Effects of Functional Oils on the Modulation of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota, Intestinal Health, and Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs

Moita

Duarte

Silva

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional oils on modulation of mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs. Forty newly weaned pigs (20 barrows and 20 gilts) with 7.0 ± 0.5 kg body weight (BW) were housed individually and randomly allotted in a randomized complete block design with sex and initial BW as blocks. The dietary treatments were a basal diet with increasing levels (0.00, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.50 g/kg feed) of functional oils (a blend of castor oil and cashew nutshell liquid; Oligo Basics USA LLC, Cary, NC) fed to pigs for 34 days divided in two phases (P1 for 13 days and P2 for 21 days). Growth performance was analyzed weekly. On day 34, all pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa for analyzing the mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal health, and ileal digesta for analyzing apparent ileal digestibility. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Supplementation of functional oils did not affect the overall growth performance. Increasing supplementation of functional oils reduced (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Helicobacteraceae, whereas it increased (p < 0.05) Lactobacillus kitasatonis. Supplementation of functional oils tended (p = 0.064) to decrease protein carbonyl and increase the villus height (p = 0.098) and crypt depth (p = 0.070). In conclusion, supplementation of functional oils enhanced intestinal health of nursery pigs by increasing beneficial and reducing harmful bacteria, potentially reducing oxidative stress and enhancing intestinal morphology, without affecting overall growth performance of pigs. Supplementation of functional oils at 0.75–1.50 g/kg feed was the most beneficial to the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal integrity of nursery pigs.

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“…Fructo-oligosaccharides, or fructans, are chains of fructose monosaccharides with a terminal glucose unit and are classified as inulins or levans [17, 23]. Inulin is mostly found in dicotyledons, whereas levans are mainly found in monocotyledons [24].…”

Section: Definition Of Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures and characteristics of carbohydrates in diets fed to pigs: a review

Navarro

Abelilla

Stein

2019

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

108

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The current paper reviews the content and variation of fiber fractions in feed ingredients commonly used in swine diets. Carbohydrates serve as the main source of energy in diets fed to pigs. Carbohydrates may be classified according to their degree of polymerization: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Digestible carbohydrates include sugars, digestible starch, and glycogen that may be digested by enzymes secreted in the gastrointestinal tract of the pig. Non-digestible carbohydrates, also known as fiber, may be fermented by microbial populations along the gastrointestinal tract to synthesize short-chain fatty acids that may be absorbed and metabolized by the pig. These non-digestible carbohydrates include two disaccharides, oligosaccharides, resistant starch, and non-starch polysaccharides. The concentration and structure of non-digestible carbohydrates in diets fed to pigs depend on the type of feed ingredients that are included in the mixed diet. Cellulose, arabinoxylans, and mixed linked β-(1,3) (1,4)- d -glucans are the main cell wall polysaccharides in cereal grains, but vary in proportion and structure depending on the grain and tissue within the grain. Cell walls of oilseeds, oilseed meals, and pulse crops contain cellulose, pectic polysaccharides, lignin, and xyloglucans. Pulse crops and legumes also contain significant quantities of galacto-oligosaccharides including raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose. Overall, understanding the structure, characteristics and measurable chemical properties of fiber in feed ingredients may result in more accurate diet formulations, resulting in an improvement in the utilization of energy from less expensive high-fiber ingredients and a reduction in reliance on energy from more costly cereal grains.

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Feed Additives in Swine Diets

Cited by 9 publications

References 85 publications

Effects of a 3 strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial and dietary fiber concentration on growth performance and expression of genes related to absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids in weanling pigs1

Effects of a 3 strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial and dietary fiber concentration on growth performance and expression of genes related to absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids in weanling pigs1

Supplemental Effects of Functional Oils on the Modulation of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota, Intestinal Health, and Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs

Structures and characteristics of carbohydrates in diets fed to pigs: a review

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