Feed Additive Residues, Determination of Trace Amounts of Nitrofurazone in Milk

Stone, Leonard

doi:10.1021/jf60132a007

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…NTFZ is available as a topical solution, as a cream, and in a soluble dressing. Considerable use of NTFZ has also been made in veterinary medicine, suggesting inadvertent human exposure via milk and meat residues (Anonymous, 1974;Stone, 1964;Cox and Heotis, 1962;Paar, 1962;FDA, 1982;Merck, 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrofurazone: Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding in Swiss Mice

George¹,

Fail²,

Grizzle³

et al. 1996

Toxicol Sci

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Nitrofurazone (NTFZ), a nitrofuran antibiotic, was evaluated for reproductive toxicity in Swiss CD-I mice using the Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding protocol. Male and female mice were cohabited for 15 weeks and exposed to NTFZ in feed at concentrations of 0, 100, 375, and 750 ppm (14-102 mg/kg/day). F o 750-ppm breeding pairs had significantly reduced fertility after 7 days of exposure to NTFZ (17% fertile compared to 98% for control pairs) and were infertile after the second litter. F o mid-dose pairs had progressively decreasing fertility (47% by the fifth litter), reduced litter size, and reduced proportion of pups born alive. Crossover breeding of control and high-dose F o animals confirmed infertility in high-dose males and reduced litter size and pup weight in high-dose females when compared to the control x control group. At necropsy, there were no effects on body weight, but F o males had reduced testis weight at the high dose and reduced epididymal sperm concentration and abnormal sperm morphology at all doses of NTFZ. Increased liver as well as kidney and adrenal weights (combined) were observed at 375 and 750 ppm; hepatic hypertrophy was noted microscopically at 750 ppm. F o females had reduced body weight, hepatic hypertrophy, and altered estrous cycles at 750 ppm and reduced ovarian weight at all doses. In the second generation, F, mice at 375 ppm had reduced postnatal survival and body weight and produced smaller F 2 litters compared to control mice. At necropsy, F, males had reduced testes weight and epididymal sperm concentration, abnormal sperm morphology, hepatic hypertrophy at 375 ppm, and borderline nephropathy at 100 and 375 ppm. F, females had decreased body, liver, and ovarian weight at 375 ppm and altered estrous cycles at 100 and 375 ppm. Thus, NTFZ at ;»100 ppm (=*14 mg/kg/day) caused adverse reproductive effects in F o male and female and F, female mice in the presence of relatively mild systemic toxicity. © 19% sodoy of Toiiccioiy.Nitrofurazone (NTFZ) is a member of the nitrofuran class of compounds. Since the 1940s, the antibacterial action of

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Nitrofurazone: Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding in Swiss Mice

George¹,

Fail²,

Grizzle³

et al. 1996

Toxicol Sci

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“…Keyphrases 0 Benzene, intraperitoneal administration-effect on rat liver ribonucleic acid 0 Ribonucleic acid, rat liver-effect of intraperitoneal administration of benzene on sucrose density sedimentation and soluble species 0 Sucrose density patternseffect of benzene on ribonucleic acid in uitro Studies in this laboratory (1)(2)(3) showed that the intraperitoneal administration of benzene to rats: (a) causes disaggregation of liver polyribosomes which results in accumulation of ribosomal monomer-dimers and appearance of an intermediate, previously absent, peak; (b) affects significantly the capacity of liver polyribosomes to synthesize protein in v i m (>50 % inhibition) ; and ( c ) inhibits considerably the incorporation of labeled ribonucleic acid precursors into liver polyribosomes but does not interfere with their incorporation into total liver ribonucleic acid and does not alter the size of the acid-soluble fraction radioactive label pool.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This work has emphasized a need for the determination of low levels of such compounds in biological fluids. There are chemical methods (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) for the determination of nitrofuran compounds. However, microbiological methods are preferable for the potency determination of active compounds because these assays are more sensitive.…”

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Turbidimetric Method for Assay of Nitrofuran Compounds

Gang¹,

Shaikh²

1972

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…1979 American Chemical Society phenylhydrazones, like the current official AOAC method (1975). They were applied to analysis from blood (Buzard et al, 1956), tissues (Herret and Buzard, 1960), milk (Cox and Heotis, 1963;Stone, 1964), and drugs (Cross et al, 1960). More recently some authors described different methods involving microbiological assays (Gang and Shaikh, 1972), gas-liquid chromatography (Ryan et al, 1975), column or thin-layer chromatographic separation followed by spectrophotometric assays (Wojtowicz and Diliberto, 1971; Zoni and Lauria, 1967;Bortoletti and Perlotto, 1968).…”

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confidence: 99%