Fecal IgA Antibody Responses after Oral Poliovirus Vaccination in Infants and Elder Children

Nishio, Osamu; Sumi, Junko; Sakae, Kenji; Ishihara, Yuichi; Isomura, Shinobu; Inouye, Sakae

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1990.tb01044.x

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…They also report that the antibody titers return to high levels following administration of a booster OPV dose to all subjects at 5 years after the previous dose. Several of the OPV challenge studies (Table ) and serological surveys provide cross‐sectional data on the persistence of antibodies after vaccination, which show that antibody levels can drop below detectable levels in previously LPV‐infected or IPV‐vaccinated subjects ,. Other cross‐sectional serological data confirm the decrease both in the proportion of seropositive subjects and mean antibody titers as a function of time since the last vaccination …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Expert Review on Poliovirus Immunity and Transmission

Tebbens¹,

et al. 2012

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Successfully managing risks to achieve wild polioviruses (WPVs) eradication and address the complexities of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation to stop all cases of paralytic poliomyelitis depends strongly on our collective understanding of poliovirus immunity and transmission. With increased shifting from OPV to inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), numerous risk management choices motivate the need to understand the tradeoffs and uncertainties and to develop models to help inform decisions. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a meeting of international experts in April 2010 to review the available literature relevant to poliovirus immunity and transmission. This expert review evaluates 66 OPV challenge studies and other evidence to support the development of quantitative models of poliovirus transmission and potential outbreaks. This review focuses on characterization of immunity as a function of exposure history in terms of susceptibility to excretion, duration of excretion, and concentration of excreted virus. We also discuss the evidence of waning of host immunity to poliovirus transmission, the relationship between the concentration of poliovirus excreted and infectiousness, the importance of different transmission routes, and the differences in transmissibility between OPV and WPV. We discuss the limitations of the available evidence for use in polio risk models, and conclude that despite the relatively large number of studies on immunity, very limited data exist to directly support quantification of model inputs related to transmission. Given the limitations in the evidence, we identify the need for expert input to derive quantitative model inputs from the existing data.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Expert Review on Poliovirus Immunity and Transmission

Tebbens¹,

et al. 2012

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“…Several observations from previous studies suggest that an intestinal antibody response may have a role in intestinal resistance to reinfection by poliovirus [3,4]. Relatively little is known about the factors that eliminate the primary infection from the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although a neutralizing antibody response can be demonstrated in the circulation by 10-14 days of infection, replication of the virus continues in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue for several weeks, and excretion of the virus into feces may persist for months. Host defense factors that eventually eliminate the virus have remained obscure.Administration of the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is known to induce a good serum antibody response and a proper intestinal immunity [2][3][4]. A disadvantage of OPV is vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis, which is sometimes, although very infrequently, caused in vaccine recipients or their contacts [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Poliovirus‐Specific Intestinal Antibody Responses Coincide with Decline of Poliovirus Excretion

et al. 2000

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Antibody responses to poliovirus type 3 were studied in fecal samples of 66 children immunized with 3 doses of enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (E-IPV), followed by 1 dose of monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV, type 3 Sabin). One fecal sample taken before OPV vaccination and 9 collected thereafter were tested for neutralizing antibodies by a microneutralization assay and for class-specific responses by heavy chain-capture radioimmunoassays. Both neutralizing antibody and IgA responses usually occurred during the second week and coincided with ceasing of virus excretion or a decrease in the excreted virus titer. Half of the vaccinees had received a trypsin-modified E-IPV, but their responses did not differ from those of children immunized with the regular E-IPV. These results are in agreement with the view that an intestinal antibody response, mainly consisting of IgA, may be involved in the ceasing of a primary poliovirus excretion.

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“…Secretory IgA plays an important role in the mucosal resistance to many other viral infections. Several observations from previous studies also suggest that an intestinal antibody response may play a role in intestinal resistance to reinfection by poliovirus [Ogra et al, 1980;Nishio et al, 1990;Onorato et al, 1991;Ogra, 1995;Morimoto, 2001]. Poliovirus serotype specific IgA antibodies have been demonstrated in the sera of persons infected with either natural or attenuated vaccine strain of poliovirus [Carlsson et al, 1985;Herremans et al, 1999Herremans et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Serotype‐specific mucosal immune response and subsequent poliovirus replication in vaccinated children

Самойлович

Roivainen

Titov

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Virology

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A total of 32 unimmunized children (median age 5 months) living in an orphanage in Minsk, Belarus, were vaccinated with three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) with a 60-day interval between the doses. Blood samples were drawn before the immunizations and 45-50 days after each vaccine dose. Excretion of the vaccine viruses was followed by examining fecal specimens collected weekly after each vaccine dose. All children seroconverted by the second dose of OPV at the latest to all three serotypes of poliovirus but differences were seen regarding the intestinal responses. The strongest responses in both neutralizing antibodies and virus-binding IgA in fecal suspensions were seen toward poliovirus Type 2. Consistent with this, relatively little poliovirus Type 2 excretion was seen after the second and third doses of OPV as compared to that of poliovirus Type 1 or Type 3. The delayed development of functional intestinal immunity against the latter serotypes was associated with relatively weaker intestinal antibody responses compared to poliovirus Type 2. In the case of poliovirus Type 3, about 10% of children were still excreting the vaccine virus 9 weeks after administering the third dose. These results are consistent with epidemiological observations of the serotype-specific efficacy of OPV immunizations. The proportion of specimens showing nonpolio enteric viruses gradually increased through the 6-month study period. This may reflect the possibility that after the first dose of OPV, intensive replication of the vaccine viruses may out compete the nonpolio viruses in the intestines of the vaccinees or, alternatively, mask nonpolio viruses during the cell culture isolation procedure.

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Fecal IgA Antibody Responses after Oral Poliovirus Vaccination in Infants and Elder Children

Abstract: We investigated fecal IgA antibody responses after oral polyvalent poliovirus vaccination.

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Expert Review on Poliovirus Immunity and Transmission

Expert Review on Poliovirus Immunity and Transmission

Poliovirus‐Specific Intestinal Antibody Responses Coincide with Decline of Poliovirus Excretion

Serotype‐specific mucosal immune response and subsequent poliovirus replication in vaccinated children

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