Fecal coliform bacteria disappearance rates in a north-central Gulf of Mexico estuary

Chigbu, Paulinus; Gordon, Scott; Strange, T.

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2005.05.020

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Province-SOTE, 2002). Studies have shown that faecal coliforms, more specifically E. coli, increases after a rainfall but thereafter, decrease as a result of the process of sedimentation (Webster et al, 2004;Chigbu et al, 2005;Elmanama et al, 2005). The levels of bacterial contamination in all the five river catchments were widespread during winter and summer seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Bacterial contamination levels in river catchments of the North West Province, South Africa: Public health implications

Constance¹,

Mbewe²

2012

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The aim of this study was to examine and compare the levels of bacterial contamination in water obtained from the five river catchments in the North West Province with water quality guidelines. A total of 54 water samples collected during winter and summer seasons were cultured on m-FC and m-Endo agar plates using membrane filtration, and on Plate Count and Eosin Methylene Blue agar plates using spread-plate techniques. Biochemical characterisation of suspected Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolates by Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) and serotyping using E. coli poly D1-D8 and Klebsiella capsular Types 1-6 antisera were performed for confirmatory identification. Results showed significantly high levels of contamination when using heterotrophic, total and faecal coliform counts as an indicator in all catchments in summer and winter seasons. In winter season, E. coli and Klebsiella were maximal in the Marico and Molopo catchment with 75 and 95% prevalence, respectively. The Crocodile and Elands and Marico and Hex catchments during summer also showed high levels of E. coli (63%) and Klebsiella (76%) contamination, respectively. Contamination levels were widespread and above the South African Department of Water Affairs' guidelines for domestic, recreational and irrigation water were used. The consumption of such untreated water sources directly or indirectly, poses a health risk to consumers. Strict measures to ensure the discharge of properly treated effluent into the rivers should be put in place, to minimise the spread of potential pathogenic bacteria and the occurrence of water borne disease outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Bacterial contamination levels in river catchments of the North West Province, South Africa: Public health implications

Constance¹,

Mbewe²

2012

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…Additionally, bacteria could travel some distances (nearly 2.4 km from the discharge point) as a result of pump-ing, depending on wind direction/intensity and current (Jeng et al, 2005). Chigbu et al (2005) noted that after a peak in TTC values the numbers decline rapidly in 0.3 to 13 days (an average of 6 days); their dynamics in coastal waters is a function of the bacterial load from inflowing streams and rivers, mass transport, and losses due to death and sedimentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To justify the occurrence of a specific coliform in an organism and not in the water, Pommepuy et al (1996) proposed that enterobacteria are best preserved when the microorganisms are ingested by organisms, which may account for the great differences observed in bacterial counts. Chigbu et al (2005) noted that TTC in surface waters decrease or disappear from the water column with time through death and sedimentation processes, and can concentrate in sediments at high densities. Likewise, Troussellier (1998) stated that water microbes directly discharged into receiving waters could remain in the water column and be transported for some distance prior to their die-off, precipitate to the bottom sediment, or remain suspended in the surface water overlying the bottom sediment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the composition and structural variation of benthic communities has been used to infer the prevalent environmental factors when creating models for these communities (Gorostiaga et al, 2004). In domestic sewage, the presence of thermotolerant coliforms indicates sewage pollution and contamination of benthic animals as their presence could mean that pathogenic bacteria and viruses might be concentrated in them (Waldichuk, 1989;Chigbu et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coliform accumulation in Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) (Cirripedia) and its use as an organic pollution bioindicator in the estuarine area of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

et al. 2010

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Samples of water and barnacles Amphibalanus amphitrite were collected from Recife, Brazil, to assess if it accumulates total (TC) and thermotolerant coliforms (TTC) related with sewage pollution. The Most Probable Number (MPN) values and the standard procedures for examination of shellfish were used. Comparatively with the water samples, the highest coliform values came from the barnacles, with TC values ranging from < 3.0 × 10 3 to ≥ 2.4 × 10 6 MPN.g -1 , and TTC ranging from ≥ 2.4 × 10 3 to 2.9 × 10 5 MPN.g -1 . Barnacles accumulate the TC Ewingella americana, and the TTC Escherichia coli, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter sakazakii. The results provided an indication of the level of organic contamination at the sampling locations and that this species could be a good organic pollution bioindicator.Keywords: barnacle, bioaccumulation, bioindicator, estuary, organic pollution. Acumulação de coliformes em

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“…The concentrations of stormwater pollutants, such as suspended solids, nutrients, and metals, are known to generally follow the trends of the hydrograph (Deletic, 1998;Lee and Bang, 2000)However, FIB in stormwater are reported to remain in persistently high concentrations after storms have subsided (Chigbu et al, 2005;Surbeck et al, 2006). While the above-referenced studies focus on real watersheds, another study (Ferguson et al, 2007) uses simulated rainfall on experimental plots of land to determine the transport rates of different indicators and pathogens over land.…”

Section: Stormwater Flow Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the challenges of modelling and treating fecal indicator bacteria in surface waters

Surbeck

2009

Ecohydrology

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In the United States, thousands of creeks, rivers, and coastal zones are listed as impaired in the Clean Water Act's 303(d) list. The number one general cause of impairments is denoted as 'pathogens', which can include known pathogenic organisms or, more commonly, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), such as fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and enterococci bacteria. Despite efforts by water quality managers to reduce FIB in surface waters via treatment, successful and significant reduction of FIB has been difficult to achieve to meet water quality standards. In addition, current efforts to numerically model FIB concentrations in surface waters do not consider many complexities associated with FIB as a pollutant. Reasons for the challenge of treating and modelling FIB are their varied sources and mechanisms of survival and decay in the environment. This technical note addresses this challenge by discussing the nature of FIB, their sources, and their fate and transport mechanisms. Sources of FIB to surface waters include wastewater, stormwater and dry-weather runoff, and animals. Mechanisms of pathogen indicator occurrence in surface waters are transport in stormwater, ecological proliferation, and interaction with sediments.

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Fecal coliform bacteria disappearance rates in a north-central Gulf of Mexico estuary

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

Bacterial contamination levels in river catchments of the North West Province, South Africa: Public health implications

Bacterial contamination levels in river catchments of the North West Province, South Africa: Public health implications

Coliform accumulation in Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) (Cirripedia) and its use as an organic pollution bioindicator in the estuarine area of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Factors influencing the challenges of modelling and treating fecal indicator bacteria in surface waters

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