Febrile convulsion: review and update

Abstract

Febrile convulsions (FCs) are the most frequently occurring epilepsy syndrome experienced in infants/children between 6 months and 6 years of age and occur in 2?4%. It describes any seizure that occurs in response to a febrile stimulus in the absence of meningitis, encephalitis, serum electrolyte imbalance and other acute neurologic illnesses. There have been many recent reports on the molecular genetic and pathogenesis of FC. It has been recognized that there is significant genetic component for susceptibility of FC with different reported mutation. Others have tried to correlate FC to immunologic problem through interleukin, cytokines, immunoglobulin and interferon. Also, reports on correlations between FC and iron deficiency anemia, hypozincemia or to specific infections have been published. Children having first or second degree relatives with a history of FC, neonatal nursery stay of more than 30 days, developmental delay or attendance at a day care center are at increase risk of developing FC. A single simple FC does not seem to increase the risk of epilepsy and there is no causal relationship between FC and subsequent epilepsy. Viruses are the most common cause of illness in children admitted to the hospital with a first FC. Routine laboratory studies, electroencephalogram and neuroimaging are not indicated for patients who have FC, and should be performed only as part of the evaluation for a source of fever and/or in atypical cases. Prognosis is generally good and parents should be counseled about the benign nature of FC. Children with FC are at no greater risk of intellectual impairments than their peers. Maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence has not been shown to prevent later development of epilepsy, and therefore intermittent diazepam or lorazepam are the main drugs to be used. (J Pediatr Neurol 2004; 2(1): 9?14).

Study of iron deficiency as a risk factor for first episode of simple febrile siezure

“…This finding is in agreement with Daoud et al, Kugler et al, Doose et al that showed strong evidence of a positive family history as a risk factor for Febrile seizures. [14][15][16] In present study characteristics studied were temperature, weight (Kg), height (Cm), nutritional status among which mean of temperature was found to have difference between cases and control but was not statistically significant (p value = 0.412). This is in accordance to study by Modaresi M et al, Vaswani et al and Daoud et al who although reported a higher incidence of high temperature in case group but it was not statically significant.…”

Post-marketing safety surveillance for inactivated and live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccines in China, 2008–2013

“…These methods were not used as routine SDR screening in CNAEFIS, but we applied the methods to compare the SDR between JE-L and JE-I as supplementary analysis to evaluate the safety of JE in China. Febrile convulsions are the commonest type of seizure in children occurring in 2-5% of all children, 2-5% of young children in North America and Europe, and 6-9% in Japan [30][31]. It usually occurs between 3 months and 5 years, with a peak incidence at 18 months [32], which was also the target age of vaccinations, especially for JE-L and JE-I.…”

Korelasi Kadar Seng Serum dan Bangkitan Kejang Demam

“…Pada pasien kejang demam berulang lebih banyak didapatkan adanya mutasi gen pintu voltase kanal ion natrium dibanding pasien tanpa kejang demam berulang (77,8% berbanding 22,2%). 18 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi antara kadar seng serum dengan bangkitan kejang demam. Namun demikian, kadar seng serum bersama variabel lainnya dapat dipakai sebagai faktor diskriminan terjadinya bangkitan kejang demam.…”