Features of the fine structure and Si content of the mandibular gnathobase of four freshwater species of Epischura (Copepoda: Calanoida)

Naumova, E. Yu.; Zaidykov, Igor Yu.; Таусон, В. Л.; Likhoshway, Yelena V.

doi:10.1163/1937240x-00002385

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For the gastric mill, only Si, abundant with high proportions, was previously determined in the teeth 15 , 16 , which was detected here for the epicuticle of the teeth (5–18 atomic %). Our values are within the Si ranges, determined by previous studies on the mandibles of Copepoda (up to 29% Si 72 , 74 ). This illustrates, that the epicuticle seems to be highly adapted to the environment and its specific function 69 , e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…It lacks chitin fibers and was found to be composed primarily of waxes with some clusters of calcium salts [for carapace, see 66 – 68 ; for mandibles, see 69 ]. In some previous studies, however, high Si 70 – 74 and Ca 75 content was detected in the mandibles. For the gastric mill, only Si, abundant with high proportions, was previously determined in the teeth 15 , 16 , which was detected here for the epicuticle of the teeth (5–18 atomic %).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Krings

Brütt

Gorb

2022

Sci Rep

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The gastric mill of Decapoda is a unique feature, which comprises teeth, stabilizing ossicles, and particle sorting setae. Involved in the fragmentation and sorting of the food, this structure serves as interface between the organism and its environment. As material properties complement morphology and hold information about function and trophic preferences, we here provide a basis for more comparative research on gastric mills. For gastric mill components of the adult red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, we studied (a) the micro-structure via scanning electron microscopy, (b) the elemental composition by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, (c) the heterogeneities in material properties and degree of tanning (autofluorescence) by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and (d) the mechanical properties hardness and elasticity by nanoindentation technique. The morphology and micro-structure were previously described for this species, but the mechanical properties and the autofluorescence were not studied before. As epicuticle and exocuticle could be analyzed individually, material property gradients, with values decreasing from the interacting surface towards interior, could be determined. Finally, we were able to relate the mechanical property data with the elemental composition and the degree of tanning. We found that the epicuticle of the teeth is among the hardest and stiffest biological materials in invertebrates due to the incorporations of high proportions of silicon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Krings

Brütt

Gorb

2022

Sci Rep

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“…For the gastric mill, only Si, abundant with high proportions, was previously determined in the teeth (Vatcher et al, 2015;Nesbit & Roer, 2016). We here also detected high Si content (5-18 atomic %) in the epicuticle of the teeth, which is in the range of previous studies, determining up to 29 % for mandibles of Copepoda (Bechstein et al, 2011;Naumova et al, 2015). This in general depicts, that the epicuticle seems to be highly adapted to the environment and its function (Fabritius et al, 2016), e.g.…”

Section: Previous Work On the Crustacean Cuticle And The Gastric Millsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…It lacks chitin and seems to be composed primarily of waxes with some clusters of calcium salts (for carapace, see Hegdahl et al, 1977;Roer & Dillaman, 1984;Dillaman et al, 2005; for mandibles, see Fabritius et al, 2016). In some studies on mandibles, however, high Si content was detected (Beklemishev, 1954;Miller et al, 1990;Bechstein et al, 2011;Mekhanikova et al, 2012;Naumova et al, 2015), besides of Ca (Bentov et al, 2012). For the gastric mill, only Si, abundant with high proportions, was previously determined in the teeth (Vatcher et al, 2015;Nesbit & Roer, 2016).…”

Section: Previous Work On the Crustacean Cuticle And The Gastric Millmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Krings

Brütt

Gorb

2022

Preprint

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The gastric mill of Decapoda is a unique feature consisting of interacting teeth, stabilizing ossicles, and particle sorting setae. As this organ is involved in the mechanical fragmentation of the food, it serves as interface between organism and environment. There is an ongoing debate to which extend structures are shaped due to phylogeny or to ecology. As material properties complement morphology and hold information about functionality and trophic preferences, we here aim at providing a basis for more intensely comparative research on material composition and properties of gastric mill components. Data on the micro-structure, documented via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), on the elemental composition, determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, EDS), on the heterogeneities in material properties, visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and on the mechanical properties hardness and elasticity (i.e., Young’s modulus), tested by nanoindentation technique, of gastric mill components from the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia is here presented. The elemental composition of gastric mill components was studied previously in other taxa, but the mechanical properties were never tested before. As epicuticle and exocuticle could be analyzed individually, due to rather large thickness of the epicuticle, material property gradients, with values decreasing from the interacting surface towards interior, could be determined. Finally, we were able to relate the mechanical property data and the autofluorescence signals with the elemental composition and the degree of tanning.

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“…Si has been found in several insects and crustaceans. In crustaceans, it represents the primary metal, providing hardness and stiffness to the gnathobase teeth [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. In the two investigated species, we found significant variations in Si content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Organization and Metal Elemental Composition of the Mandibles in Two Ladybird Species

Sevarika,

Romani

2024

Insects

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The mandibles are among the most important appendages of insects’ mouthparts. Their morpho-functional organization is correlated with the variation in dietary preferences. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructural organization and metal composition of the mandibles of two ladybird species with different dietary habits: Harmonia axyridis (an entomophagous species) and Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata (a phytophagous species). The ultrastructural organization was studied using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, whereas the metal composition was investigated using Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Significant differences were observed in the general organization and metal enrichment pattern between the two species. The mandibles of H. axyridis are large and present a molar part with two teeth, with the apical one showing a bifid apex. In contrast, S. vigintiquatuorpunctata exhibited a molar region with several teeth on its apical part. The study revealed significant differences in metal content between the teeth and the prostheca of H. axyridis. Mn was the most abundant element in teeth, whereas Cl was more abundant in the prostheca. In the case of S. vigintiquatuorpunctata, Si was the most abundant element in the prostheca, while Mn was more present in the teeth. A comparison between the two species revealed that both teeth and prostheca showed significant variation in the elemental composition. These findings underscore the role of dietary preferences in shaping the structural and metal composition variations in the mandibles of these two ladybird species.

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Features of the fine structure and Si content of the mandibular gnathobase of four freshwater species of Epischura (Copepoda: Calanoida)

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Ultrastructural Organization and Metal Elemental Composition of the Mandibles in Two Ladybird Species

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