Features of the Angular Speed Dynamic Measurements With the Use of an Encoder

Abstract

Based on the most significant features of the angular velocity dynamic measurements selected by the authors, the main phases of measuring information transformation were established, which allowed to obtain new mathematical models in the form of transformation function, equations for estimating quantization errors, analytical dependences for measuring range that are initial for modeling physical processes occurring in such digital measuring channels with microprocessor control. The process of converting an analog quantity into a binary code is analytically described, an equation for estimating the absolute and relative quantization error is obtained and a measurement range is established, which provides a normalized value of relative quantization error for angular velocity measuring channels with encoder. For the first time, the equation of sampling error was obtained, and it was proved that the limiting factor of the angular velocity measurements upper limit is not only the normalized value of quantization error, as previously thought, but also the value of sampling frequency fD. Therefore, to expand the measurement range (by increasing the upper limit of measurement), it is proposed not only to increase the speed of analog-to-digital conversion hardware, but also to reduce the execution time of software drivers for transmitting measurement information to RAM of microprocessor system. For this purpose, the analytical dependences of estimating the upper limit of measurement based on the value of the sampling step for different modes of measurement information transmission are obtained. The practical implementation of the software mode measurement information transmission is characterized by a minimum of hardware costs and maximum execution time of the software driver, which explains its low speed, and therefore provides a minimum value of the upper limit measurement. In the interrupt mode, the upper limit value of the angular velocity measurement is higher than in the program mode due to the reduction of the software driver’s execution time (tFl = 0). The maximum value of the angular velocity measurements upper limit can be achieved using the measurement information transmission in the mode of direct access to memory (DMA) by providing maximum speed in this mode (tFl = 0, tDR = 0). In addition, the application of the results obtained in the work allows at the design stage (during physical and mathematical modeling) to assess the basic metrological characteristics of the measuring channel, aimed at reducing the development time and debugging of hardware, software, and standardization of their metrological characteristics.

Modeling and forecasting of stock market processes

“…Methods of approximating and modeling stock indices using a Wiener random process serve as the basis for intelligent data analysis using machine learning. The main goal of this analysis is to predict the price of the test data depending on real quotes over time, taking into account the errors of real prediction [6,7], [8,9], [10,11], [12,13], [14,15], [16,17], [18,19], [20].…”

Architektoniczne, Strukturalne I Funkcjonalne Cechy Równoległo-Hierarchicznej Organizacji Pamięci

“…The address structure may contain additional fields used for control information, such as specifying base or index register numbers, address modification indicators, etc. Thus, the description of accessing conventional memory typically has a two-component structure [𝐶, 𝑎𝑑𝑟], including Ccontrol code and adraddress code [6,7].…”

“…Then, the "Reset" signal resets Clock Counter 2, completing the write procedure. During the read operation, the control signals "Work", "Wr/Rd", and the corresponding address from the "Addr" bus are applied to the control scheme [7,25].…”

Design and creation of an information system for analytical data processing

“…Since it is web-oriented, there is no need to install third-party software products, purchase license keys, and configure third-party plugins . In addition, the above-mentioned system is focused on a specific field of application, namely the analysis of socio-economic development monitoring data, therefore it has mechanisms for data processing taking into account the specifics of the subject area, as well as, most importantly, means for automatically forming a certain conclusion based on the results of the study [9,10,11].…”