Features of Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) version 3.02

Abstract

We have upgraded many features of the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) and released the new version as PHITS3.02. The accuracy and the applicable energy ranges of the code were greatly improved and extended, respectively, owing to the revisions to the nuclear reaction models and the incorporation of new atomic interaction models. Both condense history and track-structure methods were implemented to handle the electron and positron transport, although the latter is reliable only for simulations in liquid water. In addition, several usersupportive functions were developed, such as new tallies to efficiently obtain statistically better results, radioisotope source-generation function, and software tools useful for applying PHITS to medical physics. Owing to the continuous improvement and promotion of the code, the number of registered users has exceeded 3,000, and it is being used in diverse areas of study, including accelerator design, radiation shielding and protection, medical physics, and cosmic-ray research. In this paper, we summarize the basic features of PHITS3.02, especially those of the physics models and the functions implemented after the release of PHITS2.52 in 2013.

Comparisons of High‐Linear Energy Transfer Spectra on the ISS and in Deep Space

“…Furthermore, in thickly shielded environments, low‐energy secondary protons and helium ions that have LET above the threshold are abundant. A simple simulation in a beam‐like geometry was performed using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport System (PHITS) Monte Carlo package (Iwase et al, ; Sato et al, ) for transport with an input spectrum derived from the 2014 version of the Badhwar‐O'Neill GCR model (O'Neill et al, ). Aluminum shield depths ranging from 5 to 100 g/cm 2 were simulated; see Appendix for details.…”

Internal radiation dose estimation using multiple D‐shuttle dosimeters for positron emission tomography (PET): A validation study usingNEMAbody phantom

“…In our phantom study, the mathematical NEMA body phantom was modeled in Monte Carlo PHITS simulation using the geometry described in IEC standard 61675‐1 and the data spectrum's NEMA IEC body phantom manual . Therefore, there was no geometric inconsistency between the experimental setup and simulated results by PHITS, and D‐shuttle dosimeter positions on the surface of a physical NEMA body phantom and their positions on the surface of a mathematical NEMA body phantom used for R‐value calculation were the same (see Figs. , , and ).…”

Real Time and Automatic Analysis Program for WASAVIES: Warning System for Aviation Exposure to Solar Energetic Particles

“…The procedures for preparing the R EAS, i ( E 0 , E i , h ) database that converts the TOA fluxes to those in the atmosphere can be simply described in three steps: (1) model the atmosphere, (2) perform EAS simulation induced by monoenergetic proton with energy E 0 using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS; Sato et al, ) version 2.88, and (3) score the fluence of particles as functions of energy E i and altitude h . In step (1), the atmosphere was divided into 28 concentric spherical shells, and its maximum altitude was set to 86 km, which covers more than 99.999% of the atmospheric depth.…”