Features of Housing Provision for Rural and Urban Populations

The results of a study focused on identifying differences between the city and the countryside in terms of human potential and the conditions for its development and implementation are presented. For the purpose of this study, the authors’ human development index (HDI) is used, which includes the original measurement of its three components (longevity, educational potential, and standard of living). In the “educational potential” component, instead of the traditional index “share of students in the total population 7 to 24 years old,” the index “share of the population 25 years old or older with vocational education” is substantiated and applied. This makes it possible to consider the accumulated educational potential of Russian citizens, which can be realized both in the field of work and in other areas of their lives and more accurately reflects the educational opportunities of the population. In the “standard of living” component, instead of the particular index “GDP per capita according to PPP,” the use of the index “purchasing power of household disposable resources” is justified. It considers more accurately the purchasing power of resources actually spent on consumption by urban and rural households with account for their size and structure. It has been revealed that villagers lag behind townspeople in terms of the HDI and all its components. Having considered the living conditions of both groups of the population, the authors show that the most pressing problem is the lack of opportunities for most urban and rural residents to realize their needs for improving the quality of housing conditions that are below average standards. The results of this study are of practical importance and can be used in the preparation and updating of the most important state documents.

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Social Consequences of Thirty Years of Capitalist Reforms in Russia

Bobkov

Gulyugina

Odintsova

2022

Ross. èkon. ž.

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The article examines the most important social consequences of the 30-year capitalist transformations in Russia. The authors carried out the periodization of the stages of transformations. It is proposed to consider three heterogeneous stages: 1) 1991–1999 — liberal-oligarchic reforms; 2) 2000–2013 — strengthening of the state-capitalist orientation of reforms while preserving their liberal-capitalist foundations; 2014 — present — consolidation of state capitalism. Despite the significant differences between these stages, they are united by a decrease in the level and quality of life of the main segments of the population while maintaining high social inequality and separating the interests of the ruling "elites" from the needs of the majority of the country’s population. The results of 30 years of capitalist reforms are summarized in four areas: (1) the quality of employment; (2) standard of living; (3) housing provision; (4) demographic consequences. It is proved that for a long enough period of capitalist transformations, the social expectations of the majority of the population in improving the level and quality of life have not been justified. There are high levels of precarious employment and the unstable material situation of workers’ households; an increase in poverty in terms of income used for consumption and socio-economic inequality; excessive indebtedness of the population; chronic housing poverty and high gaps in housing provision; depressing demographic consequences of capitalist transformations. The general conclusion is made that the internal and external conditions of Russia’s development predetermine the need to change the course for the continuation of capitalist reform, in whatever forms it is carried out in the future. It depends on whether the future of the peoples of Russia will be successful.

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Features of Housing Provision for Rural and Urban Populations

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

The Inequality of Human Potential in Urban and Rural Areas: Risks and Opportunities

The Inequality of Human Potential in Urban and Rural Areas: Risks and Opportunities

The Inequality of Human Potential in Urban and Rural Areas: Risks and Opportunities

Social Consequences of Thirty Years of Capitalist Reforms in Russia

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