Features and prevalence of patients with probable adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who request treatment for cocaine use disorders

Cobos, José Pérez de los; Siñol, Núria; Puerta, Carmen; Cantillano, Vanessa; Zurita, Cristina López; Trujols, Joan

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.03.019

Cited by 56 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Possible confounding factors of impulsivity were defined based on theoretical a priori considerations (Chaves et al, 2011;Perez de Los Cobos et al, 2011;Swendsen and Merikangas, 2000;Tziortzis et al, 2011;Vonmoos et al, in press;Wilson, 2007). To test the supposed relations of specific confounding factors with impulsivity, a consolidated CU group was divided according to cofactor criteria and the two resulting CU subgroups were compared with the controls.…”

Section: Supplementary Methods 4: Group Assignment For Cofactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in self-reported and behavioral measures of impulsivity in recreational and dependent cocaine users

Vonmoos

Hulka

Preller

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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BACKGROUND: Dependent cocaine users consistently display increased trait impulsivity on self-report questionnaires and less consistently exhibit elevated motor impulsivity in some behavioral tasks. However, trait and behavioral impulsivity measures have rarely been investigated in recreational users. Therefore, we examined self-reported trait and motor impulsivities in recreational and dependent cocaine users to clarify the role of impulse control in cocaine addiction and non-dependent cocaine use. METHODS: We investigated relatively pure recreational (n=68) and dependent (n=30) cocaine users, as well as psychostimulant-naïve controls (n=68), with self-report questionnaires (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11; Temperament and Character Inventory) and behavioral tasks (Rapid Visual Information Processing Task; Stop-Signal Task). RESULTS: Compared with controls, recreational and dependent cocaine users displayed higher trait impulsivity and novelty seeking scores on self-report questionnaires. Trait impulsivity scores were strongly associated with an increased number of symptoms of depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and correlated significantly with long-term cocaine intake parameters. By contrast, none of the behavioral motor impulsivity measures showed significant group effects or correlated with cocaine use parameters. The correlations among the self-report measures were high, but self-reports were scarcely correlated with behavioral task measures. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that relatively pure cocaine users already display increased trait impulsivity at a recreational level of use. However, the results do not indicate any cocaine-related elevation of behavioral impulsivity in terms of motor or response inhibition. In summary, our data imply that elevated trait impulsivity is not a specific feature of dependent cocaine use. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. AbstractBackground: Dependent cocaine users consistently display increased trait impulsivity on self-report questionnaires and less consistently exhibit elevated motor impulsivity in some behavioral tasks.However, trait and behavioral impulsivity measures have rarely been investigated in recreational users.Therefore, we examined self-reported trait and motor impulsivities in recreational and dependent cocaine users to clarify the role of impulse control in cocaine addiction and non-dependent cocaine use. Methods:We investigated relatively pure recreational (n=68) and dependent (n=30) cocaine users, as well as psychostimulant-naïve controls (n=68), with self-report questionnaires (Barratt Impulsiveness Results: Compared with controls, recreational and dependent cocaine users displayed higher trait impulsivity and novelty seeking scores on self-report questionnaires. Trait impulsivity scores were strongly associated with an increased number of symptoms of depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and correlated significantly with long-term cocaine intake parameters. By contrast, none...

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Section: Supplementary Methods 4: Group Assignment For Cofactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in self-reported and behavioral measures of impulsivity in recreational and dependent cocaine users

Vonmoos

Hulka

Preller

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is another major public health issue (Ballon et al, 2015), with an estimated worldwide prevalence of about 5% in children (Polanczyk et al, 2014) and symptoms that persist into adulthood in up to 65% of patients (Faraone et al, 2006). At more than 20%, the prevalence of adult ADHD appears to be much higher in individuals with cocaine use disorder compared with the general population (Perez de Los Cobos et al, 2011;van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen et al, 2012;Vonmoos et al, 2013a). Furthermore, in a sample of adult patients seeking treatment for cocaine addiction, 35% were found to have ADHD (Lambert and Hartsough, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and emotional impairments in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cocaine use

Wunderli

Vonmoos

Niedecker

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an important modulator of cognitive and social functioning in cocaine addiction but it is unclear whether ADHD symptoms and cocaine use display mutually aggravating interaction effects on cognition, social functioning, and depressive symptoms. Therefore, we investigated the interaction of cocaine use and adult ADHD on social and non-social cognition and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Twenty-four cocaine users with (CU+ADHD) and 30 without ADHD (CU-ADHD), 29 cocaine-naïve ADHD patients, and 40 cocainenaïve healthy controls underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing including assessment of social cognition (cognitive/emotional empathy and Theory-of-Mind). Additionally, depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: The effect size of global cognitive impairment was largest in CU+ADHD (d=1.22 vs. controls) followed by CU-ADHD (d=0.74), and cocaine-naïve ADHD patients (d=0.33). A similar pattern appeared regarding depressive symptoms (CU+ADHD: d=1.47; CU-ADHD: d=0.49, ADHD: d=0.34). In the measures of Theory-of-Mind (CU+ADHD: d=0.76; CU-ADHD: d=0.06, ADHD: d=0.01) and cognitive empathy (CU+ADHD: d=0.80; CU-ADHD: d=0.39, ADHD: d=-0.11) only CU+ADHD showed moderate to large impairments. Moreover, two-way analyses of covariance revealed a significant interaction effect of the factors ADHD and cocaine use on depressive symptoms (p<0.05) and Theory-of-Mind (p<0.05) but not on global cognitive performance (p=0.64). CONCLUSIONS: When occurring together, cognitive impairments associated with both ADHD and cocaine use are largely additive, whereas both factors seem to mutually potentiate one another with respect to mood and mental perspective-taking disturbances. Given the high comorbidity between ADHD and cocaine use, longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the origin of these potentiated impairments. ABSTRACTBackground: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an important modulator of cognitive and social functioning in cocaine addiction but it is unclear whether ADHD symptoms and cocaine use display mutually aggravating interaction effects on cognition, social functioning and depressive symptoms. Therefore, we investigated the interaction of cocaine use and adult ADHD on social and non-social cognition and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: When occurring together, cognitive impairments associated with both ADHD and cocaine use are largely additive, whereas both factors seem to mutually potentiate one another with respect to mood and mental perspective-taking disturbances. Given the high comorbidity between ADHD and cocaine use, longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the origin of these potentiated impairments. Methods

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“…High impulsivity is also considered a core feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [5,24,25,26,27,28,29], a developmental disorder that frequently co-occurs with cocaine dependence [30]. Indeed, estimates of co-morbidity between cocaine dependence and ADHD in addiction treatment settings typically range from 10 to 35% [31,32,33,34]. Given the high prevalence of ADHD in chronic cocaine users, ADHD might be a significant confounding factor when examining neurocognition in general and impulsivity in particular among CDI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsivity in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Stevens¹,

Roeyers

Dom³

et al. 2015

Eur Addict Res

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Background: Cocaine-dependent individuals (CDI) display increased impulsivity. However, despite its multifactorial nature most studies in CDI have treated impulsivity monolithically. Moreover, the impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has often not been taken into account. This study investigates whether CDI with ADHD (CDI+ADHD) differ from CDI without an ADHD diagnosis and healthy controls (HC) on several impulsivity measures. Methods: Thirty-four CDI, 25 CDI+ADHD and 28 HC participated in this study. Trait impulsivity was assessed with the motor, attentional and non-planning subscales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Neurocognitive dimensions of impulsivity were examined with the stop signal task (SST), delay discounting task (DDT) and information sampling task (IST). Results: Relative to HC, both CDI and CDI+ADHD scored higher on all BIS-11 subscales, required more time to inhibit their responses (SST) and sampled less information before making a decision (IST). Greater discounting of delayed rewards (DDT) was only found among CDI+ADHD. Compared to CDI without ADHD, CDI+ADHD scored higher on the BIS-11 non-planning and total scale and showed higher discounting rates. Conclusion: CDI score higher on several indices of impulsivity relative to HC, regardless of whether they have concomitant ADHD or not. CDI+ADHD are specifically characterized by a lack of future orientation compared to CDI without ADHD.

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Features and prevalence of patients with probable adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who request treatment for cocaine use disorders

Cited by 56 publications

References 37 publications

Differences in self-reported and behavioral measures of impulsivity in recreational and dependent cocaine users

Differences in self-reported and behavioral measures of impulsivity in recreational and dependent cocaine users

Cognitive and emotional impairments in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cocaine use

Impulsivity in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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