Cognitive and emotional impairments in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cocaine use

Wunderli, Michael D.; Vonmoos, Matthias; Niedecker, Stefania M.; Hulka, Lea M.; Preller, Katrin H.; Baumgartner, Markus R.; Kræmer, Thomas; Seifritz, Erich; Schaub, Michael P; Eich-Höchli, Dominique; Quednow, Boris B.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.026

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Our results indicate that mothers with adequate to high PRF had significantly higher cognitive flexibility capacities compared to mothers with negative to low PRF. These results support studies that have found deficits in perspective taking to be negatively related to cognitive flexibility (Carlson et al, 2015;Stuss & Knight, 2002;Wunderli, Vonmoos, Niedecker, Hulka, Preller et al, 2016). Individuals easily distracted by stimuli have been found to exhibit deficits in attributing complex emotional and motivational states to others (Decety & Sommerville, 2003).…”

Section: Prfsupporting

confidence: 85%

Parental reflective functioning and executive functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

Håkansson

Söderström

Watten

et al. 2017

Attachment & Human Development

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Having a substance use disorder (SUD) may adversely affect caregiving capacities. Reflective functioning (RF) and executive functioning (EF) are both important capacities for sensitive parenting, and are often impaired in a SUD. Only a few studies have explored the possible association between the two phenomena. In this study, we used a neuropsychological test battery to assess EF, and the Parent Development Interview to assess RF in a sample of mothers with a SUD (N = 43). Although parental RF (PRF) was associated with EF, when controlled for intelligence (IQ) and mental health, there was no significant association between EF and PRF. Mental health, however, showed a significant negative association with PRF. Splitting the group in two based on PRF level, mothers with a negative to low PRF exhibited more severe difficulties in SUD-related aspects, as well as in several EF components, compared to mothers with an adequate to high PRF, highlighting the association between EF and PRF. The results from this study contribute to enhance our understanding of the dynamics underlying vulnerability in PRF that mothers with small children may experience. We suggest EF to be a prerequisite for adequate PRF, and for interventions to be customized accordingly regarding parents with a SUD.

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Section: Prfsupporting

confidence: 85%

Parental reflective functioning and executive functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

Håkansson

Söderström

Watten

et al. 2017

Attachment & Human Development

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“…• The prevalence of adult ADHD in chronic cocaine users is higher than in the general population (Wunderli et al, 2016).…”

Section: Key Facts Of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disordermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Given that cocaine use is frequently associated with symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Wilson, 2007) and depression (Swendsen & Merikangas, 2000), it should be noted that both co-morbidities are also important modulators of cognitive functioning in cocaine users (Vonmoos et al, 2013). Recent research studies found that the combination of ADHD and cocaine consumption seemed to have a cumulative aggravation of detrimental effects on cognitive performance (Vonmoos et al, 2013;Wunderli et al, 2016). By contrast, only a weak additive impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive performance was found in recreational users, but not in dependent users (Vonmoos et al, 2013).…”

Section: Confounding and Moderating Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Dysfunctions in Chronic Cocaine Users

Vonmoos

Quednow

2017

The Neuroscience of Cocaine

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After nearly three decades of research, there is still no clarity on the causal relationship between chronic cocaine use and cognitive functioning. However, the current literature consistently suggests that broad cognitive impairments occur in not only dependent cocaine users but also recreational cocaine users, with impairments involving attention, working memory declarative memory and executive functions. Moreover, it was recently shown that chronic cocaine users exhibit specific deficits in sociocognitive abilities, which very likely contribute to the social dysfunctions that occur in their daily lives. Correlation analyses and initial longitudinal studies indicate that most cognitive deficits are at least partially cocaine-induced. Accordingly, there is also some evidence regarding the recovery of cognitive functions in decreasing and long-term abstinent users.

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“…In addition, we also aimed to precisely investigate the effects of demographic, cognitive, psychopathological, and substance use severity on the sensitivity gain, loss, and risk information. Hence, based on previous studies that indicate that self-reported impulsivity and gambling behaviour are strongly state-dependent in CU [37], and that the often comorbid symptoms of an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aggravates the effects of cocaine use on cognitive impairment [38,39], we expect that both trait impulsivity and ADHD symptoms would reduce sensitivity to gain, loss, and risk information in CU. In sum, we investigate how chronic cocaine use, as well as demographic, clinical, and cognitive factors, affect sensitivity to gain, loss, and risk information in value-based decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to gains during risky decision-making differentiates chronic cocaine users from stimulant-naïve controls

Kluwe-Schiavon

Kexel

Manenti

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Although chronic cocaine use has been frequently associated with decision-making impairments that are supposed to contribute to the development and maintenance of cocaine addiction, it has remained unclear how risk-seeking behaviours observed in chronic cocaine users (CU) come about. Here we therefore test whether risky decision-making observed in CU is driven by alterations in individual sensitivity to the available information (gain, loss, and risk). Method:A sample of 96 participants (56 CU and 40 controls) performed the no-feedback ("cold") version of the Columbia Card Task. Structured psychiatric interviews and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery were additionally conducted. Current and recent substance use was objectively assessed by toxicological urine and hair analysis.Results: Compared to controls, CU showed increased risk-seeking in unfavourable decision scenarios in which the risk was high and the returns were low, and a tendency for increased risk aversion in favourable decision scenarios. These differences arose from the fact that CU were less sensitive to gain, but similarly sensitive to loss and risk information in comparison to controls.Further analysis revealed that individual differences in sensitivity to loss and risk were related to cognitive performance and impulsivity. Conclusion:The reduced sensitivity to gain information in people with CU may contribute to their propensity for making risky decisions. While these alterations in the sensitivity to gain might be directly related to cocaine use per se, the individual psychopathological profile of CU might moderate their sensitivity to risk and loss impulsivity.

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Cognitive and emotional impairments in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cocaine use

Cited by 28 publications

References 73 publications

Parental reflective functioning and executive functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

Parental reflective functioning and executive functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

Cognitive Dysfunctions in Chronic Cocaine Users

Sensitivity to gains during risky decision-making differentiates chronic cocaine users from stimulant-naïve controls

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