Feature parsing: Feature cue mapping in spoken word recognition

Gow, David W.

doi:10.3758/bf03194584

Cited by 132 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…That is, the effect of the preceding context was larger in the cases of more ambiguous signals-the intermediate conditions of our Coda Signal series-than in cases of clear signals-the endpoints of our Coda-Signal series. This mirrors other findings on context effects in speech perception, which have also shown maximal context effects for ambiguous signals (Allen & Miller, 2001;Gow, 2003;Fowler et al, 2000;Liberman, 1996;Lotto & Kluender, 1998;Mann, 1980;Massaro & Cohen, 1983;Nittrouer & StuddertKennedy, 1987;Sinnott & Saporita, 2000).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Previous work indicated that sandhi-processes may not only be variable in the sense of being optional but also gradient in the sense that they are not complete (e.g., Gow, 2003;Holst & Nolan, 1995;Nolan, 1992;Zsiga, 1995). Browman and Goldstein (1990, pages 360-365) discussed X-ray data tracking the positions of small lead pellets placed on the lips and the tongue of participants producing the sentence ''perfect memory''.…”

Section: Qualitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, assimilated forms have a systematic relation to the citation form. In addition, assimilations are incomplete and subtle acoustic cues are consequently helpful in recognizing assimilated forms (Gow, 2002(Gow, , 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A form such as [c>rdm] occurs only if it is followed by a bilabial consonant; hence it may occur in the composite noun [c>rdmbentP] 'garden bench' but not in *[c>rdmtPeir] 'garden chair'. Listeners make use of this regularity and recognize 'garden' in [c>rdmbentP] but not in *[c>rdmtPeir] (Gaskell & Marslen-Wilson, 1996, 2001Gow, 2002Gow, , 2003Manuel, 1995). showed that this context effect is rooted in early, automatic perceptual processes: They measured the MisMatch Negativity (MMN), a component of the auditory evoked potentials (for reviews, see Na¨a¨ta¨nen & Winkler, 1999;Picton, Alain, Otten, Ritter, & Achim, 2000) for phonologically viable and unviable assimilations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Listeners recover /t/s that speakers reduce: Evidence from /t/-lenition in Dutch

Mitterer

Ernestus

2006

Journal of Phonetics

147

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In everyday speech, words may be reduced. Little is known about the consequences of such reductions for spoken word comprehension. This study investigated /t/-lenition in Dutch in two corpus studies and three perceptual experiments. The production studies revealed that /t/-lenition is most likely to occur after [s] and before bilabial consonants. The perception experiments showed that listeners take into account both phonological context, phonetic detail, and the lexical status of the form in the interpretation of codas that may or may not contain a lenited word-final /t/. These results speak against models of word recognition that make hard decisions on a prelexical level. r

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Qualitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Listeners recover /t/s that speakers reduce: Evidence from /t/-lenition in Dutch

Mitterer

Ernestus

2006

Journal of Phonetics

147

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“…The model is based on the assumption that listeners are attuned to abstracted probabilistic knowledge about the phonological patterns they hear and use that knowledge in perception. Gow (2002Gow ( , 2003 has proposed yet another account of prelexical compensation for place assimilation, which assumes that language-specific phonetic features are grouped together by a general, Gestalt-like grouping process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing reduced word-forms in speech perception using probabilistic knowledge about speech production.

Mitterer¹,

McQueen²

2009

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Two experiments examined how Dutch listeners deal with the effects of connected-speech processes, specifically those arising from word-final /t/ reduction (e.g., whether Dutch [tas] is tas, bag, or a reduced-/t/ version of tast, touch). Eye movements of Dutch participants were tracked as they looked at arrays containing 4 printed words, each associated with a geometrical shape. Minimal pairs (e.g., tas/tast) were either both above (boven) or both next to (naast) different shapes. Spoken instructions (e.g., "Klik op het woordje tas boven de ster," [Click on the word bag above the star]) thus became unambiguous only on their final words. Prior to disambiguation, listeners' fixations were drawn to /t/-final words more when boven than when naast followed the ambiguous sequences. This behavior reflects Dutch speechproduction data: /t/ is reduced more before /b/ than before /n/. We thus argue that probabilistic knowledge about the effect of following context in speech production is used prelexically in perception to help resolve lexical ambiguities caused by continuous-speech processes.Keywords: spoken-word recognition, continuous-speech processes, /t/-reduction, eye tracking, DutchContinuous speech is peppered with noncanonical pronunciations of words. Continuous-speech processes, such as assimilation, reduction, and deletion, operate during speech production and can substantially change the way words are realized. For example, a speaker of British English may say [waImbɔʔ1] in a casual request for a wine bottle, but say [waIn] and [bɔtəl] when asked how these words should be pronounced. It is the listener's task to recognize spoken words in spite of this variability. A particularly acute problem is when a continuous-speech process creates a lexical ambiguity. We examine that situation here, focusing on the effects of word-final /t/ reduction. If a speaker does not clearly pronounce the final [t] of duct, for example, how does the listener work out that they are not talking about a duck?Two answers to this question have been proposed. The first is based on lexical storage. There are in fact three radically different versions of this view. Lahiri and Marslen-Wilson (1991) and Lahiri and Reetz (2002) proposed a model of the mental lexicon in which entries are highly abstract and phonologically underspecified. A lexical entry for a given word only includes the phonological features that are reliably associated with tokens of that word. For instance, the alveolar nasal consonants in English are assumed to be specified only as nasal, with no specification of place of articulation, which may vary due to phonological assimilation. The token [waIm] can be recognized as an instance of the word wine because there is no mismatch between the last nasal segment [m] in the input and the lexical representation for this segment. Similarly, lexical entries may be underspecified for the presence of a word-final /t/. The input [d∧k] would thus match a stored lexical representation corresponding to duct. The second lexical-storage a...

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Sociolinguistic variables and cognition

Thomas

2011

WIRES Cognitive Science

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Sociolinguistics has examined mental organization of language only sporadically. Meanwhile, areas of linguistics that deal with cognitive organization seldom delve deeply into language variation. Variation is essential for understanding how language is structured cognitively, however. Three kinds of evidence are discussed to illustrate this point. First, style shifting demonstrates that language users develop detailed associations of when to produce specific linguistic forms, depending on the pragmatic context. Second, variation in fine-grained phonetic cues shows that cognitive organization applies to linguistic forms not otherwise known to be under speakers' control. Finally, experiments on dialect comprehension and identification demonstrate that listeners have detailed cognitive associations of language variants with groups of people, whether or not they can produce the same variants themselves. A model is presented for how sociolinguistic knowledge can be viewed in relation to other parts of language with regard to cognitive and neural representations. WIREs Cogni Sci 2011 2 701-716 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.152 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

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Feature parsing: Feature cue mapping in spoken word recognition

Cited by 132 publications

References 71 publications

Listeners recover /t/s that speakers reduce: Evidence from /t/-lenition in Dutch

Listeners recover /t/s that speakers reduce: Evidence from /t/-lenition in Dutch

Processing reduced word-forms in speech perception using probabilistic knowledge about speech production.

Sociolinguistic variables and cognition

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