“…Support vector machine (SVM), decision trees (DT), BP neural network (BPNN), LeNet5, AlexNet, VGG16, and LCNN models were used for GIS PD pattern recognition. The recognition results are given in Table 1 (with reference to [49], the maximum value, root mean square deviation, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and the peak-to-peak value were selected as feature parameters [49]). As can be seen in Table 1, the overall recognition rate of the LCNN reached 98.13% of 640 testing sets while the rates of SVM, BPNN, DT, LeNet5, AlexNet, and VGG16 were, respectively, 93.76%, 83.78%, 93.44%, 75.04%, 90.63%, and 86.41%.…”