Feasibility study on the use of high volume palm oil clinker waste in environmental friendly lightweight concrete

Ahmmad, Rasel; Alengaram, U. Johnson; Jumaat, Mohd Zamin; Sulong, N.H. Ramli; Yusuf, Moruf Olalekan; Rehman, Muhammad Abdur

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.098

Cited by 61 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Also, 15% and 30% strength enhancements were obtained for flexural and compressive strengths (65 MPa). The study also found that utilizing POC powder of ~15-20% as a filler or cementitious materials in producing 45 grade lightweight concrete, CO 2 was reduced [9]. In a similar study trying to improve concrete strength, authors used varying proportions of nano-palm oil clinker powder (NPOCP) for cement replacement.…”

Section: Poc Powdermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palm Oil Clinker as a Waste by-Product: Utilization and Circular Economy Potential

Jagaba¹,

Kutty²,

Hayder³

et al. 2022

Elaeis Guineensis

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Conservation of natural resources to create ecological balance could be significantly improved by substituting them with waste by-products. Palm oil industry operations increases annually, thereby generating huge quantity of waste to be dumped into the landfill. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a solid waste by-product produced in one of the oil palm processing phases. This chapter is designed to highlight the generation, disposal problems, properties and composition of POC. The waste to resource potentials of POC would be greatly discussed in the chapter starting with the application of POC in conventional and geopolymer structural elements such as beams, slabs, columns made of either concrete, mortar or paste for coarse aggregates, sand and cement replacement. Aspects such as performance of POC in wastewater treatment processes, fine aggregate and cement replacement in asphaltic and bituminous mixtures during highway construction, a bio-filler in coatings for steel manufacturing processes and a catalyst during energy generation would also be discussed. Circular economy potentials, risk assessment and leaching behavior during POC utilization would be evaluated. The chapter also discusses the effectiveness of POC in soil stabilization and the effect of POC pretreatment for performance enhancement. Towards an efficient utilization, it is important to carry out technical and economic studies, as well as life cycle assessments, in order to compare all the POC areas of application described in the present review article. POC powder has proven to be pozzolanic with maximum values of 17, 53.7, 0.92, 3.87, 1.46, for CaO, SiO2, SO3, Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Therefore, the present chapter would inspire researchers to find research gaps that will aid the sustainable use of agroindustry wastes. The fundamental knowledge contained in the chapter could also serve as a wake-up call for researchers that will motivate them to explore the high potential of utilizing POC for greater environmental benefits associated with less cost when compared with conventional materials.

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Section: Poc Powdermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these are: fiber to shell ratio, applied incineration process temperature, palm tree location soil condition, POC form (nano, powder, fine or coarse particle size) etc. [7,9]. POC is a pozzolanic aggregate capable of producing appropriate attachment in a geopolymer matrix because of alumina-siliceous compounds presence [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palm Oil Clinker as a Waste by-Product: Utilization and Circular Economy Potential

Jagaba¹,

Kutty²,

Hayder³

et al. 2022

Elaeis Guineensis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…GPC is the best alternative option for OPC concrete because it promotes sustainable development and provides a cleaner environment by utilizing industrial and agricultural waste and through immobilization of heavy metallic materials [207,208]. For example, GPC has been proposed as an excellent immobilization material for poisonous heavy metals [209].…”

Section: Application Of Gpc and Geopolymer Concrete Mortar (Gcm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Developments and Advances in Eco-Friendly Geopolymer Concrete

et al. 2020

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The emission of CO2 and energy requirement in the production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) causes the continuous depletion of ozone layer and global warming. The introduction of geopolymer concrete (GPC) technology in the construction industry leads to sustainable development and cleaner environment by reducing environmental pollution. In this article, constituents of GPC and their influence on properties of GPC has been reviewed critically. Fresh and hardened properties of GPC as well as the factors influencing these properties are discussed in detail. Flow charts have been proposed to show which factors have higher/lower impact on the fresh and hardened properties of GPC. A comprehensive review on the mix design of GPC, nanomaterial-based GPC, 3D printing using GPC, reinforced GPC and Global warming potential (GWP) assessment was conducted. Finally, the practical applications of GPC in the construction industry are provided.

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“…Aslam et al (2016) mentioned the potential of concretes containing POC as a step closer to achieving sustainable development but did not perform any environmental assessment. Likewise, Ahmmad et al (2017) discussed the feasibility of using POC in lightweight concrete but this was limited to engineering aspects and did not include environmental impacts. Yet, some studies did report the cost efficiency of using POBPs in concrete which showed that use of POC reduces the overall cost of the concrete and may be advantageous in terms of financial savings (Shafigh et al, 2014;Kanadasan and Abdul Razak, 2015a).…”

Section: P R E S Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Palm Oil Clinker as a Binder and Aggregate Replacement in Concrete

Sinoh¹

2020

JOPR

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Palm oil clinker (POC) is a by-product derived from crude palm oil (CPO) production. Many studies have examined POC in concrete and it has often been stated as being environmentally sustainable. However, evidence to support these claims are not abundant in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the environmental impact of POC using a comparative, midpoints life cycle assessment approach based on 13 impact categories from ReCiPe2016. The use of POC as a binder replacement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate was considered. Only production of cement, sand, gravel, POC and transportation were included in the system boundary. The construction, service and end-of-life phases were excluded. A volume of 1 m 3 mortar or concrete with similar compressive strength was used as the functional unit. Life cycle inventory data was obtained from the literature, Malaysia Life Cycle Inventory Database (MY-LCID) and Ecoinvent database. Economic and mass allocation factors were calculated for POC. Calculations indicated that the use of POC in mortar and concrete showed reductions in all impact categories when economically allocated. When mass allocated, POC contributed minimally to all impact categories except 'Freshwater Eutrophication' and 'Human Toxicity'. Despite these drawbacks, results show that use of POC resulted in an overall improvement for the environmental sustainability.

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Feasibility study on the use of high volume palm oil clinker waste in environmental friendly lightweight concrete

Cited by 61 publications

References 31 publications

Palm Oil Clinker as a Waste by-Product: Utilization and Circular Economy Potential

Palm Oil Clinker as a Waste by-Product: Utilization and Circular Economy Potential

A Review of Recent Developments and Advances in Eco-Friendly Geopolymer Concrete

Life Cycle Assessment of Palm Oil Clinker as a Binder and Aggregate Replacement in Concrete

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