Feasibility Study on Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for Engine Oil Evaluation

Kobayashi, Shoichi; Kondoh, Jun

doi:10.3390/s20082184

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…≤±3% of measured value over range 1-350 mm 2 /s 1 -the difference between two single, independent results, obtained by different analysts working in different laboratories on identical test materials while maintaining the determination procedure described. 2 -certified for adjustment work by using petroleum-based viscosity standards (does not contain pattern uncertainty).…”

Section: Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…); and the external ones (moisture, air dust, air, and other gases), as well as shear, oxidation, and nitration processes are some of the key factors contributing to the degradation of engine oil [ 1 ]. It is then particularly important to monitor the properties of oil; especially, as its degradation can eventually lead to engine damage or failure [ 2 ]. In fact, in the automotive industry, monitoring the viscosity of lubricants is considered a principal indicator of oil quality [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Kinematic Viscosity of Engine Oils: A Comparison of Data Obtained from Four Different Devices

Wolak

Zając

Słowik

2021

Sensors

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The aim of this paper is to compare the results of kinematic viscosity of lubricating oils measurements at 40 °C, obtained with three different rapid evaluation devices, and the standardized method using an Ubbelohde Capillary viscometer. The following instruments were selected to measure: a mid-FTIR spectrophotometer, a microchannel viscometer, and a Stabinger viscometer. The study material comprised 42 fresh engine oils, all of which are commercially available. The main data analysis tools used in the study were multiple regression, Mahala Nobis distance, post-hoc analysis, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with the Bonferroni correction. Consistent outcomes were obtained for the Stabinger viscometer only, whereas the microchannel viscometer and the mid-FTIR spectrophotometer were not as precise as the reference method. It was also found that the results obtained with the use of the mid-FTIR spectrophotometer were burdened with a very large measurement error. Therefore, a very careful approach is suggested when choosing these instruments. The study fills an important gap in empirical research in the context of the reliability of measurement results obtained using various research techniques.

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Section: Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Kinematic Viscosity of Engine Oils: A Comparison of Data Obtained from Four Different Devices

Wolak

Zając

Słowik

2021

Sensors

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“…In recent years, the applications of acoustic transducers and transmitters have been expanded for sonar, medical, communications, and industrial purposes [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The mechanical and acoustic operations of an acoustic transducer are generally expressed as an electrical equivalent circuit model [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Design of a Sonar Transmitter for the High-Power Control of Multichannel Acoustic Transducers

et al. 2021

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For driving multichannel underwater acoustic transducers, the integrated design of the transmitter based on the analysis of the widely distributed impedance should be considered. Previous studies focused on either the matching circuit or the fast resonant tracking control. This paper proposes the design and control methods of a sonar transmitter based on the analysis of the impedance distribution. For the transmitter design, the optimization method based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed for estimating the equivalent and matching circuit parameters. The equivalent circuits of the transducer are more precisely designed by using the measured data in both air and water. The fitness function proposed in the matching includes special functions, such as the limitation and parasitic inductances. A comparison of the experimental and simulation results shows that the optimized matching design improved the power factor, and was similar to the experimental result. For the transmitter control, the constant power and voltage control (CPVC) and instant voltage and current control (IVCC) methods are proposed for the variable impedance load. The impedance variation range affects the rated power and rated voltage of the transmitter, and the rating range determines the initial modulation index (MI) of the pulse-width modulation (PWM) control. To verify the control method, an experimental setup including the multichannel acoustic transducers was established. As a result, the constant power and constant voltage were verified with the proposed control, and the instant voltage and current control also worked in the event that the instant voltage or current exceed their threshold values.

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“…The oil must perform several functions in the engine. It must lubricate and adhere well to the lubricated surface, protect metal surfaces from corrosion, seal the combustion chamber, dissipate heat caused by friction, ensure the dispersion of soil and prevent their settling, and allow operation during extreme temperatures [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Tractor Engine Oil Change Interval Based on Material Properties

et al. 2020

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This article focuses on the issue of motor oils used in the engines of non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), more specifically tractors. The primary goal of the paper is to determine the appropriate replacement interval for these oils. The physical properties of the examined samples were first determined by conventional instruments. Furthermore, the concentrations of abrasive metals, contaminants, and additive elements were measured using an optical emission spectrometer. Lastly, the content of water, fuel, and glycol and the products of oxidation, nitration, and sulfation were determined by using infrared spectrometry. The measured values were compared to the limit values. Based on the processing and evaluation of these analyses, the overall condition of the oils was assessed and subsequently the optimal exchange interval of the examined oils was determined. In addition, a risk analysis of the outage was performed. Due to the high yields of crops, farmers can lose a significant amount of product when a tractor is not functioning during the harvest period. This loss is calculated in the paper.

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Feasibility Study on Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for Engine Oil Evaluation

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Measuring Kinematic Viscosity of Engine Oils: A Comparison of Data Obtained from Four Different Devices

Measuring Kinematic Viscosity of Engine Oils: A Comparison of Data Obtained from Four Different Devices

Optimized Design of a Sonar Transmitter for the High-Power Control of Multichannel Acoustic Transducers

Determination of Tractor Engine Oil Change Interval Based on Material Properties

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