Feasibility study of use of recycled High Density Polyethylene and multi response optimization of injection moulding parameters using combined grey relational and principal component analyses

Khan, Zahid A.; Kamaruddin, Shahrul; Siddiquee, Arshad Noor

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2009.12.028

Cited by 76 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition, the increasing worldwide production and consumption of plastics has caused serious public concerns about effective and safe disposal [8]; however, plastic waste could be a promising raw material source for wood plastic composites (WPCs) [9]. The use of recycled plastics for producing WPCs would not only decrease the consumption of energy and natural resources, but also offers an effective and safe way to dispose of plastic waste [10]. Therefore, increasing the use of wood and plastic waste could reduce solid waste, lessen the amounts going to landfills, and decrease the cost of making WPCs [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The optimal formulation of recycled polypropylene/rubberwood flour composites from experiments with mixture design

Homkhiew

Ratanawilai

Thongruang

2014

Composites Part B: Engineering

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a b s t r a c tA mixture design was used in experiments, to determine the optimal mixture for composites of rubberwood flour (RWF) and reinforced recycled polypropylene (rPP). The mixed materials were extruded into panels. Effects were determined of the mixture components rPP, RWF, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP), and ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer, on the mechanical properties. The overall composition significantly affected flexural, compressive, and tensile properties. The fractions of recycled polypropylene and rubberwood flour increased all the mechanical material properties; however, increasing one fraction must be balanced by decreasing the other, and the rubberwood flour fraction had a higher effect size. The fraction of MAPP was best kept in mid-range of the fractions tested, while the UV stabilizer fraction overall degraded the mechanical properties. Our results suggest that the fraction of UV stabilizer should be as small as possible to minimize its negative influences. The models fitted were used for optimization of a desirability score, substituting for the multiple objectives modeled. The optimal formulation found was 50.3 wt% rPP, 44.5 wt% RWF, 3.9 wt% MAPP, 0.2 wt% UV stabilizer, and 1.0 wt% lubricant; the composite made with this formulation had good mechanical properties that closely matched the model predictions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The optimal formulation of recycled polypropylene/rubberwood flour composites from experiments with mixture design

Homkhiew

Ratanawilai

Thongruang

2014

Composites Part B: Engineering

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“…Therefore, attempting to increase the value of plastic waste, for instance, by blending post-consumer plastics with wood flour could be important. The use of recycled plastics would not only decrease the consumption of natural resources and energy but also provide an effective and safe means of disposing of plastic waste 3 . A small number of studies have reported the use of recycled plastics in a matrix of wood-plastic composites (WPCs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and thermal properties of oil palm wood sawdust reinforced post-consumer polyethylene composites

Ratanawilai¹,

Thanawattanasirikul²,

Homkhiew³

2012

ScienceAsia

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Post-consumer recycled high-density polyethylene (PCR-HDPE) composites reinforced with 30, 40, and 50% of oil palm wood sawdust (OWS) were prepared by compression moulding. The effects of the OWS content and the moulding temperature on the flexural and compressive properties of the composites were investigated and were found to be highly significant. Increases in the proportion of OWS in the matrix caused a gradual worsening in the mechanical properties of the composites. However, higher moulding temperatures moderately improved the mechanical properties. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was used to study the viscoelastic behaviour, and thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the thermal stability of the composites. The storage and loss moduli gradually decreased with increasing temperature and significantly increased with increasing the proportion of OWS in the composites. The thermal stability of the composites slightly dropped with a higher OWS content. These results suggest that PCR-HDPE and OWS can be used to create composite materials with good mechanical and thermal properties.

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“…However, no validation experiment was done to prove the effectiveness of this integrated approach. The optimization approach was further improved by [58] by combining the grey relational and principal component analyses based on Taguchi method to objectively reflect the relative importance for three performance characteristics of tensile, compressive, and flexural strength of recycled HDPE. In the study, four processing parameters including melt temperature, holding pressure, injection time, and holding time were varied via a L 9 orthogonal array to obtain optimum levels of parameters for acceptable quality.…”

Section: Integration Of Taguchi Methods With Principal Component Analymentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Applications of Taguchi Method for Optimization of Processing Parameters for Plastic Injection Moulding: A Retrospective Review

Fei

Mehat²,

Kamaruddin

2013

ISRN Industrial Engineering

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Determining the optimal processing parameter is routinely performed in the plastic injection moulding industry as it has a direct and dramatic influence on product quality and costs. In this volatile and fiercely competitive market, traditional trial-and-error is no longer sufficient to meet the challenges of globalization. This paper aims to review the research of the practical use of Taguchi method in the optimization of processing parameters for injection moulding. Taguchi method has been employed with great success in experimental designs for problems with multiple parameters due to its practicality and robustness. However, it is realized that there is no single technique that appears to be superior in solving different kinds of problem. Improvements are to be expected by integrating the practical use of the Taguchi method into other optimization approaches to enhance the efficiency of the optimization process. The review will shed light on the standalone Taguchi method and integration of Taguchi method with various approaches including numerical simulation, grey relational analysis (GRA), principal component analysis (PCA), artificial neural network (ANN), and genetic algorithm (GA). All the features, advantages, and connection of the Taguchi-based optimization approaches are discussed.

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Feasibility study of use of recycled High Density Polyethylene and multi response optimization of injection moulding parameters using combined grey relational and principal component analyses

Cited by 76 publications

References 7 publications

The optimal formulation of recycled polypropylene/rubberwood flour composites from experiments with mixture design

The optimal formulation of recycled polypropylene/rubberwood flour composites from experiments with mixture design

Mechanical and thermal properties of oil palm wood sawdust reinforced post-consumer polyethylene composites

Practical Applications of Taguchi Method for Optimization of Processing Parameters for Plastic Injection Moulding: A Retrospective Review

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