Feasibility, seasonality and reliability of rainwater harvesting in buildings of a university in Campina Grande, Paraíba

Abstract

Urban areas in semi-arid regions are under chronic water stress. In this scenario, expanding water supply with decentralized sources that collaborate with Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) may be relevant, such as rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems. In this respect, this study aimed to analyze the potential for the use of rainwater in public buildings in the Brazilian semi-arid region, integrating three aspects: environmental and economic feasibility, seasonality, and reliability. The results provide substantial evidence on the benefits of using rainwater, both from an environmental and an economic point of view. This use can significantly reduce the annual consumption of water from the public supply, which would reduce the demand from water bodies. It has also been found that there is considerable variation in the potable water savings potential throughout the year; the systems, however, still provide reliability.

Engenharia sanitária e ambiental: Recursos hídricos e tratamento de água 3

“…A ação de maior destaque é o programa um milhão de cisternas (P1MC) cujo objetivo é fornecer água a população rural do semiárido brasileiro (Doss-Gollin et al, 2016). Nesta região marcada por fenômenos de seca, Silva et al (2022) acreditam que o potencial do uso de águas de chuva deve ser analisado localmente, pelo tipo de edificação, regime de chuvas e custo do serviço público de água. Dentro desta perspectiva, surge no estado brasileiro do Pará, o Projeto Amana Katu da Enactus Brasil que disponibiliza sistemas de coleta de água de chuva para comunidades quilombolas vulneráveis da Amazônia, e também em comunidades rurais de Vazante e Paracatu em Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de proporcionar melhores condições de vida e acesso à água potável para a população, visto que nessas regiões o acesso à água de qualidade é quase nulo.…”

“…A extração do analito é prontamente realizada pela dispersão eficiente da amostra nas partículas do adsorvente, promovendo um contato dinâmico e instantâneo. O procedimento DPX pode ser facilmente adaptado a condições de infraestrutura laboratorial disponível, e compatível para determinações moleculares e elementares (FERNANDES et al, 2014;SILVA et al, 2022;TOMASIN et al, 2021).…”

Investigating the Drying Process of Ceramic Sanitary Ware at Low Temperature

“…As the thermo-hygrome to measure the drying air conditions was positioned at the back of the oven (beh part), it was only possible to read it after removing that part from the oven. It is im to note that this same methodology was used in several other experimental works ing ceramic materials [35,36]. From the literature, it is well known that moisture loss rates are higher at the beginning of the drying process, regardless of the material, thus requiring data collection in shorter time intervals.…”

“…Such parameters are useful to calculate the moisture content of the sample as a function of the drying time. The described procedure was adapted from the works developed by Silva [35] and Silva [36], who experimentally studied the drying of industrial ceramic blocks and hollow ceramic bricks, respectively.…”

“…In the consulted literature, no studies were found that evaluated the drying process of ceramic materials at low temperatures (less than 50 • C). In addition, such works are limited to simpler geometries, such as hollow bricks and ceramic blocks [1,3,5,7,8,13,16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. It was also noticed that the only operational parameter evaluated in the drying process of ceramic materials reported in the literature is the temperature of the drying air; parameters not being evaluated, for example, were cases involving the same temperature and different values for relative humidity and/or velocity, including dimensions variations.…”