Feasibility of utilising second life EV batteries: Applications, lifespan, economics, environmental impact, assessment, and challenges

Haram, Mohammed Hussein Saleh Mohammed Mohammed; Lee, Jia Woon; Ramasamy, Gobbi; Ngu, Eng Eng; Thiagarajah, Siva Priya; Lee, Yuen How

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2021.03.021

Cited by 126 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…These include in particular the limited battery capacity, the limited travel range, and the need to plan routes in a way that provides time necessary to charge the battery. Many authors also point out the possible future problem with disposal of used batteries [114,115].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Incorporating Rail Transport into a Zero-Emission Urban Deliveries System: Application of Light Freight Railway (LFR) Electric Trains

Pietrzak

Montwiłł

2021

Energies

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This paper addresses the issue of incorporating rail transport into an urban delivery system. Its main purpose was to identify the possibilities of utilising rail transport in a Zero-emission Urban Delivery System (ZUDS) by applying Light Freight Railway (LFR) electric trains. The study applied the following research methods: literature review, observation, case study, and mathematical computations. In order to estimate the volume of transport external costs reduction resulting from shifting urban deliveries from road to rail transport in the city of Szczecin, the EU methodology was applied to specify the amounts of external costs generated by individual modes and means of transport. The research study showed that application of LFR electric trains makes it possible to significantly reduce external costs generated by transport. Moreover, this solution may have an impact on developing Clean Transport Zones (CTZs) and may also contribute to expansion of the ZUDS. The research study results also provide grounds to conclude that application of the LFR system makes it possible to reduce negative effects generated by Urban Freight Transport (UFT) and to achieve a coherent zero-emission system for handling cargo and passenger flows in cities, which consequently contributes to achieving electromobility goals in transport.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Incorporating Rail Transport into a Zero-Emission Urban Deliveries System: Application of Light Freight Railway (LFR) Electric Trains

Pietrzak

Montwiłł

2021

Energies

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“…Longer transit distances at a lower cost have been a focus, ensuring optimum performance and reducing utilizing second-life batteries for EVs. In an approach to reduce battery production, their performance, application, feasibility, environmental impacts, economic benefits, and challenges are reported in [199][200][201][202]. They work under the same intercalation/de-intercalation principle as commercialized secondary rechargeable batteries such as LiCoO 2 .…”

Section: Systematic Review Of Recent Development In Besssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Trends and Aging Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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The increase of electric vehicles (EVs), environmental concerns, energy preservation, battery selection, and characteristics have demonstrated the headway of EV development. It is known that the battery units require special considerations because of their nature of temperature sensitivity, aging effects, degradation, cost, and sustainability. Hence, EV advancement is currently concerned where batteries are the energy accumulating infers for EVs. This paper discusses recent trends and developments in battery deployment for EVs. Systematic reviews on explicit energy, state-of-charge, thermal efficiency, energy productivity, life cycle, battery size, market revenue, security, and commerciality are provided. The review includes battery-based energy storage advances and their development, characterizations, qualities of power transformation, and evaluation measures with advantages and burdens for EV applications. This study offers a guide for better battery selection based on exceptional performance proposed for traction applications (e.g., BEVs and HEVs), considering EV’s advancement subjected to sustainability issues, such as resource depletion and the release in the environment of ozone and carbon-damaging substances. This study also provides a case study on an aging assessment for the different types of batteries investigated. The case study targeted lithium-ion battery cells and how aging analysis can be influenced by factors such as ambient temperature, cell temperature, and charging and discharging currents. These parameters showed considerable impacts on life cycle numbers, as a capacity fading of 18.42%, between 25–65 °C was observed. Finally, future trends and demand of the lithium-ion batteries market could increase by 11% and 65%, between 2020–2025, for light-duty and heavy-duty EVs.

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“…In these past years, a special consideration was given to HEVs as it can be concluded by the explosively increasing number of articles discussing the adoption of eco-friendly cars (Lin and Wu, 2018; Abo-Khalil et al , 2022). Driving comfort improvement (Mata‐Carballeira et al , 2022), HEV lifetime enhancement (Haram et al , 2021) and power sources durability (Song et al , 2020) represent the major trend subjects discussed the recently published articles in the field of automotive engineering. Since HEVs are in permanent interaction with the harsh external environment conditions, they are always subjected to fast and abrupt load variations, which may cause serious damages in both source and motor sides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel coordinated power sources switching strategy for transient performance enhancement of hybrid electric vehicles

Oubelaid

Taib

Rekioua

2022

COMPEL

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is the investigation of a new coordinated switching strategy to improve the transient performance of a fuel cell (FC)- supercapacitor (SC) electric vehicle. The proposed switching strategy protects FCs from large currents drawn during abrupt power variations. Furthermore, it compensates the poor FC transient response and suppresses the transient ripples occurring during power source switching instants. Design/methodology/approach Coordinated power source switching is achieved using three different transition functions. Vehicle model is fractioned into computational and console subsystems for its simulation using real time (RT) LAB simulator. Blocs containing coordination switching strategy, power sources models and their power electronics interface are placed in the computational subsystem that will be executed, in RT, on one of real time laboratory simulator central processing unit cores. Findings Coordination switching strategy resulted in reducing transient power ripples by 90% and direct current (DC) bus voltage fluctuations by 50%. Switching through transition functions compensated the difference between FC and SC transient responses responsible for transient power ripples. Among the three proposed transition functions, linear transition function resulted in the best transient performances. Originality/value The proposed coordinated switching strategy allows the control of the switching period duration. Furthermore, it enables the choice of adequate transition functions that fit the dynamics of power sources undergoing transition. Also, the proposed switching technique is simple and does not require the knowledge of system parameters or the complex control models.

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Feasibility of utilising second life EV batteries: Applications, lifespan, economics, environmental impact, assessment, and challenges

Cited by 126 publications

References 81 publications

Effects of Incorporating Rail Transport into a Zero-Emission Urban Deliveries System: Application of Light Freight Railway (LFR) Electric Trains

Effects of Incorporating Rail Transport into a Zero-Emission Urban Deliveries System: Application of Light Freight Railway (LFR) Electric Trains

Future Trends and Aging Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles

Novel coordinated power sources switching strategy for transient performance enhancement of hybrid electric vehicles

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