Feasibility of using regional sentinel surveillance to monitor the rotavirus vaccine impact, effectiveness and intussusception incidence in the African Region

Mandomando, Inácio; Weldegebriel, Goitom; Deus, Nilsa de; Mwenda, Jason M.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.072

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Rotavirus activity in Botswana declined after introduction of rotavirus vaccine with diminished seasonal peaks in the month of September of the year. Similar findings were reported previously by Botswana [8] , Swaziland [14] , Mozambique [15] , Zambia [16] and Rwanda [17] where a peak in diarrhea hospitalization was observed after rotavirus use but with much fewer hospitalizations than pre-vaccine periods.Our findings on impact of rotavirus vaccine in decreasing diarrhea with dehydration by 43 % is comparable to previous reports in countries of East and Southern Africa of 46 % [18] . The recent findings on decrease in morbidity by 43 % and mortality by 67 % are higher than what was previously reported in other rotavirus impact studies in Botswana which found a 23 % reduction in morbidity and a 22 % reduction in deaths [8] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Resurgent rotavirus diarrhoea outbreak five years after introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Botswana, 2018

Weldegebriel,

Okot,

Majingo

et al. 2024

Vaccine

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Resurgent rotavirus diarrhoea outbreak five years after introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Botswana, 2018

Weldegebriel,

Okot,

Majingo

et al. 2024

Vaccine

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“…Given the importance of this research question, the wide variability in intussusception epidemiology by geography, and the possibility that associations could vary by vaccine product, ongoing investigation is necessary. In this vein, surveillance is ongoing in two multicountry networks: postintroduction intussusception surveillance is currently underway in several African countries using RotaTeq [45], whereas baseline (preintroduction) and postintroduction intussusception surveillance is ongoing in several Asian countries, including in India (for the newly prequalified vaccines) [46,47]. Results from these evaluations will be helpful in further understanding the risk–benefit profile of rotavirus vaccines globally.…”

Section: Rotavirus Vaccines In Global Use As Of Mid-2019: Rotarix Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and new rotavirus vaccines

Burke

Tate

Kirkwood

et al. 2019

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

120

154

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Purpose of reviewAs of 2019, four rotavirus vaccines have been prequalified by the WHO for use worldwide. This review highlights current knowledge regarding rotavirus vaccines available, and provides a brief summary of the rotavirus vaccine pipeline.Recent findingsData generated from use of currently available products supports their effectiveness and impact in diverse settings. Rotavirus vaccines have a favorable risk–benefit profile, but previous associations of rotavirus vaccination with intussusception necessitate continued monitoring for this rare but serious adverse event. Implementation of rotavirus vaccines was jeopardized in late 2018 and 2019 by a shortage of vaccine supply. Fortunately, with the prequalification of two additional vaccines in 2018, countries have increased choice in products with different characteristics, pricing, and implementation strategies. Other vaccines currently in development may open up further immunization strategies, such as neonatal vaccination schedules or parenteral administration.SummaryRotavirus vaccines have demonstrated impact in reducing diarrheal morbidity and mortality worldwide. As countries begin to introduce the newly prequalified vaccines, additional data will become available on the safety and effectiveness of those products. Products in the pipeline have distinct profiles and could be an essential part of the expansion of rotavirus vaccine use worldwide.

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“…These developments in the rotavirus vaccine marketplace and improved effectiveness of oral vaccines are likely to encourage broader and more effective introduction of rotavirus vaccines in African countries, thus providing greater reductions in the burden of rotavirus infection than are estimated in this report. Continued monitoring of rotavirus trends, circulating rotavirus genotypes, and safety through existing surveillance networks[63,77], as well as rigorous studies to measure mortality reduction, are important to fully understanding the impact of rotavirus vaccination.…”

Section: Five-year Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated reductions in hospitalizations and deaths from childhood diarrhea following implementation of rotavirus vaccination in Africa

Shah

Tate

Mwenda

et al. 2017

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Rotavirus is the leading cause of hospitalizations and deaths from diarrhea. 33 African countries had introduced rotavirus vaccines by 2016. We estimate reductions in rotavirus hospitalizations and deaths for countries using rotavirus vaccination in national immunization programs and the potential of vaccine introduction across the continent. Areas covered: Regional rotavirus burden data were reviewed to calculate hospitalization rates, and applied to under-5 population to estimate baseline hospitalizations. Rotavirus mortality was based on 2013 WHO estimates. Regional pre-licensure vaccine efficacy and post-introduction vaccine effectiveness studies were used to estimate summary effectiveness, and vaccine coverage was applied to calculate prevented hospitalizations and deaths. Uncertainties around input parameters were propagated using boot-strapping simulations. In 29 African countries that introduced rotavirus vaccination prior to end 2014, 134,714 (IQR 112,321-154,654) hospitalizations and 20,986 (IQR 18,924-22,822) deaths were prevented in 2016. If all African countries had introduced rotavirus vaccines at benchmark immunization coverage, 273,619 (47%) (IQR 227,260-318,102) hospitalizations and 47,741 (39%) (IQR 42,822-52,462) deaths would have been prevented. Expert commentary: Rotavirus vaccination has substantially reduced hospitalizations and deaths in Africa; further reductions are anticipated as additional countries implement vaccination. These estimates bolster wider introduction and continued support of rotavirus vaccination programs.

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Feasibility of using regional sentinel surveillance to monitor the rotavirus vaccine impact, effectiveness and intussusception incidence in the African Region

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Resurgent rotavirus diarrhoea outbreak five years after introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Botswana, 2018

Resurgent rotavirus diarrhoea outbreak five years after introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Botswana, 2018

Current and new rotavirus vaccines

Estimated reductions in hospitalizations and deaths from childhood diarrhea following implementation of rotavirus vaccination in Africa

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