Current and new rotavirus vaccines

Burke, Rachel M; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Kirkwood, Carl D.; Steele, A. Duncan; Parashar, Umesh D.

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000572

Cited by 118 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Complicating factors such as nutritional status, age at infection, size of inoculum of infectious agent and interference by other enteropathogens may also impact on vaccine success in developing countries which suffer the greatest burden of rotavirus disease ( 22 ). Two additional rotavirus vaccines are available regionally, i.e., Rotavin-M1 in Vietnam and Lanzhou Lamb Rotavirus (LLR) in China ( 23 , 24 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Sadiq

Bostan

2020

Front. Immunol.

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Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea globally, even with all effective interventions, particularly in developing countries. Among the diverse genotypes of RVA, G1P[8] is a common genotype that has continued to pervade around the world, including Pakistan. Two universally accepted rotavirus vaccines-Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ contain the genotype G1P[8]. The current work was aimed at identifying differences between antigenic epitopes of Pakistan’s G1P[8] strains and those of the two licensed vaccines. We sequenced 6 G1P[8] rotavirus strains previously reported in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan in 2015 and 2016 for their outer capsid genes (VP7 and VP4). Phylogenetic analysis was then conducted in order to classify their specific lineages and to detect their association with strains isolated throughout world. Compared with the Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ vaccine strains (G1-lineage II, P[8]-lineage III), our study G1-lineage I, P[8]-lineage IV strains showed 3 and 5 variations in the VP7 epitopes, respectively, and 13 and 11 variations in the VP4 epitopes, respectively. The G1 lineage II strains showed no single amino acid change compared to Rotarix™ (lineage II), but exhibited changes at 2 positions compared to RotaTeq™ (lineage III). So, this has been proposed that these G1 strains exist in our natural setting, or that they may have been introduced in Pakistan from other countries of the world. The distinct P[8]-lineage IV (OP354-like) strains showed twelve and thirteen amino acid variations, with Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ (lineages II and III) strains, respectively. Such findings have shown that the VP4-P[8] component of the G1P[8] strains circulating in Pakistan differs considerably from that of the vaccine viruses compared to that of the VP7-G1. To monitor the long-term effects of vaccines on the emergence of G1P[8] strains with different lineages, routine and successful monitoring of these strains will be crucial.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Sadiq

Bostan

2020

Front. Immunol.

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“…Finally, prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines targeting different viruses, such as rotavirus, norovirus, and enterovirus, have evolved with the maturity of VLP vaccine technology (Table 1). These new vaccines are expected to prevent more human diseases [76,101,102].…”

Section: Research Progress On Vlp-based Vaccines In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on the Versatility of Virus-Like Particles

et al. 2020

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Virus-like particles (VLPs) are multimeric nanostructures composed of one or more structural proteins of a virus in the absence of genetic material. Having similar morphology to natural viruses but lacking any pathogenicity or infectivity, VLPs have gradually become a safe substitute for inactivated or attenuated vaccines. VLPs can achieve tissue-specific targeting and complete and effective cell penetration. With highly ordered epitope repeats, VLPs have excellent immunogenicity and can induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses. In addition, as a type of nanocarrier, VLPs can be used to display antigenic epitopes or deliver small molecules. VLPs have thus become powerful tools for vaccinology and biomedical research. This review highlights the versatility of VLPs in antigen presentation, drug delivery, and vaccine technology.

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“…New RV vaccines to be developed employ a similar approach, or are exploring new concepts such as inactivation or virus-like particles. Other vaccines are licensed and used locally (for instance the Lanzhou lamb RV vaccine in China [9], and Rotavin M1 [Polyvac] in Vietnam [10]), while others (of which an oral human rotavirus vaccine RV3-BB that can be administered at birth [11]) are in different phases of their clinical development [12,13].…”

Section: How To Tackle the Burden?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifteen years of experience with the oral live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine: reflections on lessons learned

Pereira

Vetter

Standaert

et al. 2020

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: Rotavirus (RV) disease remains a prominent cause of disease burden in children <5 years of age worldwide. However, implementation of RV vaccination has led to significant reductions in RV mortality, compared to the pre-vaccination era. This review presents 15 years of real-world experience with the oral live-attenuated human RV vaccine (HRV; Rotarix). HRV is currently introduced in ≥80 national immunization programs (NIPs), as 2 doses starting from 6 weeks of age. Areas covered: The clinical development of HRV and post-marketing experience indicating the impact of HRV vaccination on RV disease was reviewed. Expert opinion: In clinical trials, HRV displayed an acceptable safety profile and efficacy against RVgastroenteritis, providing broad protection against heterotypic RV strains by reducing the consequences of severe RV disease in infants. Real-world evidence shows substantial, rapid reduction in the number of RV infections and associated hospitalizations following introduction of HRV in NIPs, regardless of economic setting. Indirect effects against RV disease are also observed, such as herd protection, decrease in nosocomial infections incidence, and a reduction of disease-related societal/ healthcare costs. However, not all countries have implemented RV vaccination. Coverage remains suboptimal and should be improved to maximize the benefits of RV vaccination.

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Current and new rotavirus vaccines

Cited by 118 publications

References 75 publications

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Recent Progress on the Versatility of Virus-Like Particles

Fifteen years of experience with the oral live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine: reflections on lessons learned

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