Current and new rotavirus vaccines

Burke, Rachel M; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Kirkwood, Carl D.; Steele, A.D.; Parashar, Umesh D.

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000572

Cited by 103 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Complicating factors such as nutritional status, age at infection, size of inoculum of infectious agent and interference by other enteropathogens may also impact on vaccine success in developing countries which suffer the greatest burden of rotavirus disease ( 22 ). Two additional rotavirus vaccines are available regionally, i.e., Rotavin-M1 in Vietnam and Lanzhou Lamb Rotavirus (LLR) in China ( 23 , 24 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Sadiq

Bostan

2020

Front. Immunol.Has correction 2020-12-16 Has erratum 2020-12-16

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Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea globally, even with all effective interventions, particularly in developing countries. Among the diverse genotypes of RVA, G1P[8] is a common genotype that has continued to pervade around the world, including Pakistan. Two universally accepted rotavirus vaccines-Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ contain the genotype G1P[8]. The current work was aimed at identifying differences between antigenic epitopes of Pakistan’s G1P[8] strains and those of the two licensed vaccines. We sequenced 6 G1P[8] rotavirus strains previously reported in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan in 2015 and 2016 for their outer capsid genes (VP7 and VP4). Phylogenetic analysis was then conducted in order to classify their specific lineages and to detect their association with strains isolated throughout world. Compared with the Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ vaccine strains (G1-lineage II, P[8]-lineage III), our study G1-lineage I, P[8]-lineage IV strains showed 3 and 5 variations in the VP7 epitopes, respectively, and 13 and 11 variations in the VP4 epitopes, respectively. The G1 lineage II strains showed no single amino acid change compared to Rotarix™ (lineage II), but exhibited changes at 2 positions compared to RotaTeq™ (lineage III). So, this has been proposed that these G1 strains exist in our natural setting, or that they may have been introduced in Pakistan from other countries of the world. The distinct P[8]-lineage IV (OP354-like) strains showed twelve and thirteen amino acid variations, with Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ (lineages II and III) strains, respectively. Such findings have shown that the VP4-P[8] component of the G1P[8] strains circulating in Pakistan differs considerably from that of the vaccine viruses compared to that of the VP7-G1. To monitor the long-term effects of vaccines on the emergence of G1P[8] strains with different lineages, routine and successful monitoring of these strains will be crucial.

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“…Finally, prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines targeting different viruses, such as rotavirus, norovirus, and enterovirus, have evolved with the maturity of VLP vaccine technology (Table 1). These new vaccines are expected to prevent more human diseases [76,101,102].…”

Section: Research Progress On Vlp-based Vaccines In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on the Versatility of Virus-Like Particles

et al. 2020

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Virus-like particles (VLPs) are multimeric nanostructures composed of one or more structural proteins of a virus in the absence of genetic material. Having similar morphology to natural viruses but lacking any pathogenicity or infectivity, VLPs have gradually become a safe substitute for inactivated or attenuated vaccines. VLPs can achieve tissue-specific targeting and complete and effective cell penetration. With highly ordered epitope repeats, VLPs have excellent immunogenicity and can induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses. In addition, as a type of nanocarrier, VLPs can be used to display antigenic epitopes or deliver small molecules. VLPs have thus become powerful tools for vaccinology and biomedical research. This review highlights the versatility of VLPs in antigen presentation, drug delivery, and vaccine technology.

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“…New RV vaccines to be developed employ a similar approach, or are exploring new concepts such as inactivation or virus-like particles. Other vaccines are licensed and used locally (for instance the Lanzhou lamb RV vaccine in China [9], and Rotavin M1 [Polyvac] in Vietnam [10]), while others (of which an oral human rotavirus vaccine RV3-BB that can be administered at birth [11]) are in different phases of their clinical development [12,13].…”

Section: How To Tackle the Burden?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifteen years of experience with the oral live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine: reflections on lessons learned

Pereira¹,

Vetter²,

Standaert

et al. 2020

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: Rotavirus (RV) disease remains a prominent cause of disease burden in children <5 years of age worldwide. However, implementation of RV vaccination has led to significant reductions in RV mortality, compared to the pre-vaccination era. This review presents 15 years of real-world experience with the oral live-attenuated human RV vaccine (HRV; Rotarix). HRV is currently introduced in ≥80 national immunization programs (NIPs), as 2 doses starting from 6 weeks of age. Areas covered: The clinical development of HRV and post-marketing experience indicating the impact of HRV vaccination on RV disease was reviewed. Expert opinion: In clinical trials, HRV displayed an acceptable safety profile and efficacy against RVgastroenteritis, providing broad protection against heterotypic RV strains by reducing the consequences of severe RV disease in infants. Real-world evidence shows substantial, rapid reduction in the number of RV infections and associated hospitalizations following introduction of HRV in NIPs, regardless of economic setting. Indirect effects against RV disease are also observed, such as herd protection, decrease in nosocomial infections incidence, and a reduction of disease-related societal/ healthcare costs. However, not all countries have implemented RV vaccination. Coverage remains suboptimal and should be improved to maximize the benefits of RV vaccination.

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“…In addition to the well-known human threats posed by HuRVA strains with the G1P [8], G2P [4], G3P [8] and G4P [8] genotypes, the potential for newly emerging HuRVA strains has been experienced with the recent wide distribution of the G9 and G12 genotypes in humans [2,41,42]. Two different types of live vaccines are currently licensed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and used against HuRVAs worldwide: one (RotaTeq; Merck) is a pentavalent vaccine (RV5) containing five bovine RVA-based reassortants with the VP7 gene from each one of G1-G4 HuRVAs or the VP4 gene from P [8] [43]. Although there is good evidence that the current vaccines are cross-reactive against HuRVA strains of different genotypes, there is concern regarding their effectiveness against the emerging G9 and G12 genotypes [45,46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid generation of rotavirus single-gene reassortants by means of eleven plasmid-only based reverse genetics

Fukuda

Hatazawa

Kawamura

et al. 2020

Journal of General Virology

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Reassortment is an important mechanism in the evolution of group A rotaviruses (RVAs), yielding viruses with novel genetic and phenotypic traits. The classical methods for generating RVA reassortants with the desired genetic combinations are laborious and time-consuming because of the screening and selection processes required to isolate a desired reassortant. Taking advantage of a recently developed RVA reverse genetics system based on just 11 cloned cDNAs encoding the RVA genome (11 plasmid-only system), we prepared a panel of simian SA11-L2 virus-based single-gene reassortants, each containing 1 segment derived from human KU virus of the G1P[8] genotype. It was shown that there was no gene-specific restriction of the reassortment potential. In addition to these 11 single-gene reassortants, a triple-gene reassortant with KU-derived core-encoding VP1–3 gene segments with the SA11-L2 genetic background, which make up a virion composed of the KU-based core, and SA11-L2-based intermediate and outer layers, could also be prepared with the 11 plasmid-only system. Finally, for possible clinical application of this system, we generated a series of VP7 reassortants representing all the major human RVA G genotypes (G1–4, G9 and G12) efficiently. The preparation of each of these single-gene reassortants was achieved within just 2 weeks. Our results demonstrate that the 11 plasmid-only system allows the rapid and reliable generation of RVA single-gene reassortants, which will be useful for basic research and clinical applications.

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“…Immunization through vaccination has been considered one of the most efficient ways to avoid diseases, disabilities and deaths due to preventable diseases, such as diarrheal diseases caused by rotavirus, which remains as the most common cause of severe diarrhoea or severe gastroenteritis among www.medigraphic.org.mx young children worldwide. 1,2 By the end of 2018, the rotavirus vaccine had been introduced in 98 countries 1 as part of their phased, regional or national basis, with an estimated global coverage of 25%. 3 Rotaviruses are double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses and are transmitted primarily via faecal-oral route, generating symptoms within the first two days after infection, where the first episode results in the most severe disease outcome and subsequent ones are associated with milder disease or appear to be asymptomatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seguridad de la vacuna pentavalente contra el rotavirus en México durante 2011-2017: Informes de vigilancia

Santibañez-Copado¹,

Gómez-Altamirano²,

Romero-Feregrino³

et al. 2020

Revista Latinoamericana De Infectología Pediátrica

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Las enfermedades diarreicas por rotavirus en niños menores de un año representan una de las principales causas de atención médica. Las vacunas contra el rotavirus han demostrado un impacto en la reducción de la morbilidad y mortalidad por diarrea en todo el mundo. Por ello, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) las recomienda dentro de los programas nacionales de inmunización. En la actualidad, en México, se utiliza la vacuna pentavalente contra rotavirus en niños menores de ocho meses de edad. Como parte del programa de vigilancia, el monitoreo de eventos adversos ha mejorado en los últimos años, con especial interés en la identificación de la invaginación intestinal. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y determinar la causalidad de eventos adversos dados por la vacuna pentavalente para rotavirus considerando las notificaciones realizadas en el sistema de vigilancia nacional. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo para la evaluación de las notificaciones de eventos adversos relacionados a la vacunación (VR5) durante el periodo 2011-2017 en México. Durante el periodo de seguimiento se aplicaron 20,852,313 dosis de vacunas pentavalentes contra rotavirus. Se reportó invaginación intestinal con una tasa de 0.93 por cada 100,000 dosis aplicadas. La vacuna pentavalente contra rotavirus se demostró que es segura en México.

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Current and new rotavirus vaccines

Cited by 103 publications

References 75 publications

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Recent Progress on the Versatility of Virus-Like Particles

Fifteen years of experience with the oral live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine: reflections on lessons learned

Rapid generation of rotavirus single-gene reassortants by means of eleven plasmid-only based reverse genetics

Seguridad de la vacuna pentavalente contra el rotavirus en México durante 2011-2017: Informes de vigilancia

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