Feasibility of transgingival laser irradiation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

Wenzler, Johannes-Simon; Böcher, Sarah; Frankenberger, Roland; Braun, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.030

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Regarding the use of trans-gingival as an aPDT, as applied in studies [ 36 , 38 ] evaluated here, such a therapy may be considered a novel approach, and this approach appears to be able to bypass the limitation of light in accessing complex target areas, such as root furcations or deep periodontal pockets [ 76 , 77 ]. It is known that the penetration depth of the 660 nm wavelength is 3–3.5 mm, while that for the range of 800–900 nm is 6–6.5 mm [ 76 ]. However, it is essential to consider that light attenuation occurs within gingival tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-Assisted aPDT Protocols in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an effective alternative method for the adjunctive treatment of all classes of oral infections. The multifactorial nature of its mechanism of action correlates with various influencing factors, involving parameters concerning both the photosensitizer and the light delivery system. This study aims to critically evaluate the recorded parameters of aPDT applications that use lasers as the light source in randomized clinical trials in dentistry. Methods: PubMed and Cochrane search engines were used to identify human clinical trials of aPDT therapy in dentistry. After applying specific keywords, additional filters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the initial number of 7744 articles was reduced to 38. Results: Almost one-half of the articles presented incomplete parameters, whilst the others had different protocols, even with the same photosensitizer and for the same field of application. Conclusions: No safe recommendation for aPDT protocols can be extrapolated for clinical use. Further research investigations should be performed with clear protocols, so that standardization for their potential dental applications can be achieved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This light can exert a substantial secondary therapeutic beneficial effect in stimulating healing and repair within the surrounding tissues by a process known as photobiomodulation (PBM) [ 18 ]. Even if the whole of the photosensitizer dye solution cannot be activated, the benefits offered by PBM are invaluable [ 76 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Assisted aPDT Protocols in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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“…-Nozzles which are a specially treated part of a fibre (quartz, polymer), or a group of fibres [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of treatment and prevention of generalized periodontal diseases with the use of transgingival photoactived disinfection

et al. 2021

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The aim of the study is to develop protocols for the treatment and prevention of generalized periodontal disease using a nozzle that designed for transgingival photosensitizer activation. Methods. Analysis of available variants of irradiation nozzles for photoactivated disinfection. Circuit design and construction of authors’ irradiation nozzle for transgingival photosensitizer activation. Results. Based on the analysis of data, there was developed a nozzle design that allows treating periodontium areas within 4-6 teeth, evenly distributes the required power of laser radiation, and can be used in hard-to-reach areas of the oral cavity. Based on the above calculations, a nozzle for transgingival photosensitizer activation was created (jointly with Fotonika Plus, PE). To optimize the PAD procedure, there was created a protocol of transgingival photoactivated disinfection to be applied at the stage of professional oral hygiene, using the created irradiation nozzle NOU-9 of authors’ design, and diode 2 W laser LIKA-surgeon with a wavelength of 660 nm. The result is the accelerated procedure of transgingival photoactivated disinfection. Conclusions. The development of photoactivated disinfection technology allows supplementing the traditional treatment of generalized periodontal diseases. Studies of non-invasive, transgingival method of photosensitizer activation have recently become popular. This, in turn, carries a lower probability of cross-infection and less traumatization of periodontal tissues during the manipulation. The use of PAD cannot lead to resistance of the microflora in contrast to pharmacological antibacterial preparations. Carrying out PAD does not require any complex manual skills, the purchase of expensive equipment, provides an opportunity for widespread introduction of technology. The use of the therapeutic complex and protocols of PAD that were developed can significantly reduce the duration of the procedure, resulting in improved comfort for both the doctor and the patient. The NOU-9 irradiation nozzle allows reaching hard-to-reach areas of the oral cavity, distributing laser radiation efficiently and evenly on periodontal tissues. The LIKA-surgeon 2 W laser with a wavelength of 660 nm provides the operating parameters required to activate the photosensitizer. Due to low-intensity radiation, it is possible to enhance regenerative processes in the periodontium after traumatic intervention. Clinical studies on the antibacterial efficacy of the technology are ongoing

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“…This can be explained by the fact that although the photosensitizer is topically administered to the target tissue, the delivered light scatters and diffuses beyond the area of interest. Consequently, a secondary therapeutic effect known as photobiomodulation (PBM) is exerted, which enhances the healing and repair of the surrounding tissues [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unleashing the Hidden Potential: The Dynamic Duo of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Photobiomodulation: A Spectrophotometric Study

et al. 2023

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Background: Despite intensive research, the ideal protocol applied to maximize the overall benefits of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) remains unexplored. Evidence exists that following aPDT, the diffused light beyond the photosensitizer can exert a secondary therapeutic effect known as photobiomodulation (PBM), which stimulates the healing of the surrounding tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the attenuation properties of five different photosensitizers activated by their corresponding laser wavelengths. Methods: The illumination of various concentrations of chosen photosensitizers, curcumin, methylene blue, toluidine blue, indocyanine green and a methylene blue derivative, irradiated by their respective laser wavelengths (445 nm, 635 nm, 660 nm and 808 nm) was explored via a spectrophotometric analysis. The onward transmitted light intensities for each combination of a photosensitizer and laser wavelength were assessed. The attenuation percentages observed were statistically evaluated using an analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) model. A Tukey’s post hoc test was performed to determine the significance of differences between individual group mean values. Results: With the exception of toluidine blue illuminated by an 808 nm laser, which showed the lowest intensity loss, all the other photosensitizers presented an attenuation range of 63% to 99%. Conclusions: At appropriate concentrations, all the examined photosensitizers may allow the passage of sufficient wavelength-dependent light transmission. Calculated fluences are proposed to achieve secondary, beneficial PBM effects.

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Feasibility of transgingival laser irradiation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Laser-Assisted aPDT Protocols in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Laser-Assisted aPDT Protocols in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Optimization of treatment and prevention of generalized periodontal diseases with the use of transgingival photoactived disinfection

Unleashing the Hidden Potential: The Dynamic Duo of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Photobiomodulation: A Spectrophotometric Study

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