Feasibility of the use of different types of enzymatically treated cellulosic fibres for polylactic acid (PLA) recycling

Bendourou, Fatima Ezzahra; Suresh, G.; Laadila, Mohamed Amine; Kumar, Pratik; Rouissi, Tarek; Dhillon, Gurpreet Singh; Khiari, Zied; Brar, Satinder Kaur; Galvez‐Cloutier, Rosa

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.058

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Coating with bacterial nanocellulose. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant biomass, is primarily derived from plants (kenaf, sisal, flax, hemp), 3,12,45 wood, 37 bacteria, 8 and algae. 46,47 It has a flat ribbon-like shape and is made up of long polymer chains of glucose monomer joined by B-1,4-glucan chain (Figure 1).…”

Section: Biological Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the enhancement of composite’s interface properties through biological treatment of natural fibre/lignocellulosic material

Boey

Baidurah

Tay

2022

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Natural fibre or lignocellulosic fibres have aroused the attention of scientists in the polymer industry, given their eco-friendly, low density, and biodegradability. Nevertheless, the major obstacle to wide commercial applications is the incompatibility between polar natural plant fibres with non-polar polymer matrix due to different chemical constitutions. Therefore, surface treatment of natural fibres before they are implemented to prepare fibre-reinforced composites is considered. Chemical and physical treatments are not preferred as it involves hazardous chemicals and high energy consumption. This review article provides an overview of various environmentally friendly approaches, such as introducing bacterial nanocellulose, pre-treatment with bacterial cellulase, fungal treatment, and enzymatic treatments aimed to treat natural fibres. The implications of working mechanisms on the characteristics of fibre itself and polymer composites with reinforcement are reviewed. The application of treated fibres reinforced composites and comparison of biological treatment with other treatments are discussed in this article. It is evidenced that fibre that undergoes biological modifications facilitates better fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion, has stronger mechanical bonding with the matrix, along with the reduction of water uptake of the composites.

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Section: Biological Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the enhancement of composite’s interface properties through biological treatment of natural fibre/lignocellulosic material

Boey

Baidurah

Tay

2022

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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“…PLA is a thermoplastic bio-based product obtained from fermentation processes of natural agricultural raw materials (starch and sugar) [11,12]. PLA is recyclable, readily decomposable, has cheap manufacturing costs, and is commercially available [13]. These features enable PLA to replace petroleum-based polymers for several Polymers 2021, 13, 3620 2 of 25 biomedical, textile, plastic, 3D printing materials, and packaging applications [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Treated Sugar Palm/Glass Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Hybrid Composites

et al. 2021

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This research was performed to evaluate the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of treated sugar palm fiber (SPF)/glass fiber (GF) reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) hybrid composites. Morphological investigations of tensile and flexural fractured samples of composites were conducted with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alkaline and benzoyl chloride (BC) treatments of SPFs were performed. A constant weight fraction of 30% total fiber loading and 70% poly(lactic acid) were considered. The composites were initially prepared by a Brabender Plastograph, followed by a hot-pressing machine. The results reported that the best tensile and flexural strengths of 26.3 MPa and 27.3 MPa were recorded after alkaline treatment of SPF, while the highest values of tensile and flexural moduli of 607 MPa and 1847 MPa were recorded after BC treatment of SPF for SPF/GF/PLA hybrid composites. The novel SPF/GF/PLA hybrid composites could be suitable for fabricating automotive components.

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“…However, in this case this phenomenon is not observed. These results show that crystalline regions are not widely present in hemp fibers, compared to amorphous regions [ 57 ]. This result is related to the fibers being moved and arranged along the fiber axis to impart better orientation, improving the mechanical properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Varying the Amount of Short Hemp Fibers on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Wood–Plastic Composites from Biobased Polyethylene Processed by Injection Molding

et al. 2021

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Biobased HDPE (bioHDPE) was melt-compounded with different percentages (2.5 to 40.0 wt.%) of short hemp fibers (HF) as a natural reinforcement to obtain environmentally friendly wood plastic composites (WPC). These WPC were melt-compounded using a twin-screw extrusion and shaped into standard samples by injection molding. To improve the poor compatibility between the high non-polar BioHDPE matrix and the highly hydrophilic lignocellulosic fibers, a malleated copolymer, namely, polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), was used. The addition of short hemp fibers provided a remarkable increase in the stiffness that, in combination with PE-g-MA, led to good mechanical performance. In particular, 40 wt.% HF drastically increased the Young’s modulus and impact strength of BioHDPE, reaching values of 5275 MPa and 3.6 kJ/m2, respectively, which are very interesting values compared to neat bioHDPE of 826 MPa and 2.0 kJ/m2. These results were corroborated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) results, which revealed a clear increasing tendency on stiffness with increasing the fiber loading over the whole temperature range. The crystal structure was not altered by the introduction of the natural fibers as could be seen in the XRD patterns in which mainly the heights of the main peaks changed, and only small peaks associated with the presence of the fiber appeared. Analysis of the thermal properties of the composites showed that no differences in melting temperature occurred and the non-isothermal crystallization process was satisfactorily described from the combined Avrami and Ozawa model. As for the thermal degradation, the introduction of HF resulted in the polymer degradation taking place at a higher temperature. As for the change in color of the injected samples, it was observed that the increase in fiber generated a clear modification in the final shades of the pieces, reaching colors very similar to dark woods for percentages higher than 20% HF. Finally, the incorporation of an increasing percentage of fibers also increased water absorption due to its lignocellulosic nature in a linear way, which drastically improved the polarity of the composite

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Feasibility of the use of different types of enzymatically treated cellulosic fibres for polylactic acid (PLA) recycling

Cited by 16 publications

References 59 publications

A review on the enhancement of composite’s interface properties through biological treatment of natural fibre/lignocellulosic material

A review on the enhancement of composite’s interface properties through biological treatment of natural fibre/lignocellulosic material

Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Treated Sugar Palm/Glass Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Hybrid Composites

The Effect of Varying the Amount of Short Hemp Fibers on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Wood–Plastic Composites from Biobased Polyethylene Processed by Injection Molding

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