Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Treated Sugar Palm/Glass Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Hybrid Composites

Sherwani, S. F. K.; Zainudin, Edi Syams; Sapuan, S.M.; Leman, Zulkiflle; Abdan, Khalina

doi:10.3390/polym13213620

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…% WF/resin recording the highest Young's modulus at 323.8 MPa [51]. Similar increment in tensile modulus of composite was found by Sherwani et al [52] in which untreated sugar palm fiber/glass fiber-reinforced PLA hybrid composite tensile modulus increased with the addition of GF [52]. Table 4 displays the elongation at break as a function of MF content.…”

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confidence: 78%

Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties and Characterization of Natural Fiber Composites Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid): Miswak (Salvadora Persica L.) Fibers

Diyana

Abdan

Sapuan

et al. 2022

International Journal of Polymer Science

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7000 years ago, miswak fiber (MF) was used as a toothbrush for oral care. However, since the emergence of plastic materials, it monopolized the oral care industry. The increment of plastic products also promotes accumulation of plastic wastes after its disposal. Thus, many researchers have turn to biodegradable products to reduce this problem. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of MF as reinforcement in composites that are suitable to replace the toothbrush materials. The MF was reinforced in PLA composite with different weight percentage (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and undergoes several types of testing. The chemical results show that there were high presence of cellulose in the fiber which could act as medium to transfer stress load equally from fiber to matrix. However, the results show low cellulosic contents in MF that affects the poor interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. Physical properties shows a positive indication to be used as a toothbrush handle. As the fiber content increases, the density also increased. SEM micrographic illustrated the presence of voids as the cause for reduction in mechanical properties of composites. The mechanical results show the proposed material is comparable to the materials used in commercial applications. As for the thermal result, the TGA test melting point of the proposed composite material was comparable to the pure PLA, which means the proposed material can use similar processing temperature as PLA. DSC shows that Tg of PLA/MF composite is found to be similar to Tg in loss modulus of composites. DMA finding found that PLA/MF30 have the highest storage modulus 2062 MPa and the lowest tan δ 0.6 among PLA/MF composites. This concludes that there is a possibility of using these materials as an alternative in composites and increase the fiber strength by using pretreatments and/or compatibilizer.

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confidence: 78%

Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties and Characterization of Natural Fiber Composites Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid): Miswak (Salvadora Persica L.) Fibers

Diyana

Abdan

Sapuan

et al. 2022

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…Natural fibers such as hemp [3][4][5], pineapple leaf [6,7], flax [8], oil palm [9], and sugar palm [10,11] have been used in composite manufacturing. Moreover, natural fibers in a woven form such as bamboo [12,13], jute [14,15], kenaf [16,17], and banana [18] also have been extensively used in composite fabrication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Flammability Properties of Woven Kenaf/Polyester-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Hybrid Laminated Composites

et al. 2022

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This paper presents the thermal and flammability properties of woven kenaf/polyester-reinforced polylactic acid hybrid laminated composites. The effects of the fiber content and stacking sequences of hybrid composites were examined. The hybrid composites were fabricated using the hot press method. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and flammability properties of woven kenaf/polyester-reinforced polylactic hybrid composites were reported. The thermal results have demonstrated the effect of the hybridization of the composites on the thermal stability and viscoelastic properties of the laminates. The work also measured the burning rate of the hybrid composites during the flammability test. The S7 sample that consisted of all woven kenaf layers in composite recorded the highest char residue of 10%, and the S8 sample displayed the highest decomposition temperature among all samples. However, as for hybrid composites, the S5 sample shows the optimum result with a high char yield and exhibited the lowest burning rate at 29 mm/min. The S5 sample also shows the optimum viscoelastic properties such as storage and loss modulus among hybrid composites.

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“…After fibre treatment, the percentage of lignin decreased from 33.24 to 0.06%. 69 A previous study had reported that reduced lignin percentage in the fibre enhances char formation, while increased char formation during the burning process is a good indication of flame retardancy. 70 During the burning process, SPF tends to rush into the char phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physical and flammability properties of treated sugar palm fibre reinforced polylactic acid composites

Sherwani

Sapuan

Zainudin

et al. 2022

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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The aim of this study is to determine the physical properties and flammability of a composite of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with chemically treated sugar palm fibre (SPF). Seven different SPF parameters have been evaluated: untreated, alkaline treatment with three alkaline solution concentrations of 4, 5 and 6% and 50 mL of benzoyl chloride treated SPFs at three different soaking times (10, 15 and 20 min). 30 wt.% of SPF reinforced with 70 wt.% PLA composites have been prepared by using a Brabender plastograph mixer and compression moulding. The 6% alkaline treated SPF/PLA composites resulted in the lowest water absorption and thickness swelling of 7.09% and 4.69%, respectively. These composites reached the lowest ‘maximum equilibrium sorption’ value [Formula: see text] of 5.94%. Benzoyl chloride treated SPF/PLA composites (for 15 min soaking) exhibited the highest density of 1.34 g/cm3 and void content had reduced from 14% to 0.7%. The flammability of the c omposites is characterised by the horizontal UL-94 and vertical UL-94V burning test. Through the flammability test, the outcomes reveal that treated SPF/PLA composites are highly fire-resistant, except for 6% alkaline treated SPF/PLA composites. Morphologies of the composites have been analysed using the scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the maximum surface roughness and fewer voids were accomplished after 6% alkaline treatment of SPF. The novel treated SPF/PLA composites are appropriate for the application of automobile components.

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Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Treated Sugar Palm/Glass Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Hybrid Composites

Cited by 8 publications

References 74 publications

Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties and Characterization of Natural Fiber Composites Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid): Miswak (Salvadora Persica L.) Fibers

Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties and Characterization of Natural Fiber Composites Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid): Miswak (Salvadora Persica L.) Fibers

Thermal Stability, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Flammability Properties of Woven Kenaf/Polyester-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Hybrid Laminated Composites

Physical and flammability properties of treated sugar palm fibre reinforced polylactic acid composites

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