Feasibility of radiation dosimetry with phosphorus-doped optical fibers in the ultraviolet and visible domain

Girard, Sébastien; Ouerdane, Y.; Marcandella, Claude; Boukenter, Aziz; Quenard, S.; Authier, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.11.113

Cited by 76 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Their response to the dose is linear over a very wide range from mGy up to a couple of kGy after which they generally start to saturate reaching saturation around 100 kGy. They are known to exhibit a dose rate independency which is of crucial importance when determining the dose based on the measurement of the RIA [11]. The annealing of P-doped fibers is low enabling an easy recovery of the dose information.…”

Section: Icso 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

First steps towards a distributed optical fiber radiation sensing system

Toccafondo

Brügger

Pasquale

et al. 2017

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2014

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Ionizing radiations affect installed electronics, limit equipment lifetimes and eventually alter materials both in space applications as well as high energy accelerators and physics experiments. In order to monitor radiation levels and predict equipment and material lifetimes, an accurate radiation dosimetry is highly important and very challenging often due to two main reasons: (i) large areas and (ii) extended dose range of interest. In this respect a radiation sensor based on a distributed optical fiber sensing system could be a promising solution. Such sensor systems are immune to electromagnetic field interference, have a light weight and small size making them suitable for a large number of applications including possible future space missions. In addition, optical fiber sensors have reached a very high accuracy in measuring physical quantities as a function of distance very accurately with metre or sub-metre-scale spatial resolutions. Their distributed nature in fact, is particularly suitable for real-time monitoring of long distances as particles accelerator tunnels like the one of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) or large space stations as the International Space Station (ISS) which, to the best of our knowledge, only holds punctual radiation sensors as passive radiation dosimeters (PRD) among many others. The first step of the feasibility study of a distributed optical fiber radiation sensing system consists in characterizing and selecting the most suitable optical fiber which represents the sensing mean of the system. The effect of ionizing radiation on optical fibers has been well documented in literature and already several decades ago it was known that an irradiated fiber will suffer from radiation induced attenuation (RIA). Depending on the fiber’s type and composition the RIA shows varying response to total dose, dose rate, temperature, wavelength and light power. In the case of P-doped fibers, the radiation response is independent from the dose rate the fiber is exposed to, which makes it suitable for sensing a wide range of different radiation environments. Moreover, P-doped fibers have a low annealing behavior and their RIA doesn’t show any strong temperature dependence for room temperature environments. All the above mentioned parameters affecting the RIA are important in order to fully characterize fiber candidates to be used for dosimetry and will be detailed in the next section. Based on the above considerations, in this paper we investigate the response to ionizing radiation of three different P-doped optical fibers which could be suitable candidates for the radiation sensing system. Two of the fibers were single mode (SM) and the RIA has been studied at 1312 nm and 1570 nm as a function of the total dose up to about 18 kGy and with a dose rate of 46.7 mGy/s in one case and almost 60 kGy at 153 mGy/s in the other. The third fiber which was a multimode (MM) one has been tested at 830 nm and 1312 nm and has been irradiated with dose rates ranging from 0.5 mGy/s up to almost 1.7 Gy/s reaching ...

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Section: Icso 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

First steps towards a distributed optical fiber radiation sensing system

Toccafondo

Brügger

Pasquale

et al. 2017

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2014

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“…Ge centers: GeE', Ge(1), Ge(2), GEC, GeX, Ge-NBOH (Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole) (Alessi et al, 2010 ;Bisutti et al, 2007;Girard et al, 2006 ;Girard et al, 2008;Lu et al, 1999;Wijnands et al, 2007) ; 2. P centers: P1, P2, P4, Phosphorus-Oxygen-Hole -POHC (Bisutti et al, 2007;Girard et al, 2006;Girard et al, 2011 ;Paul et al, 2009;Wijnands et al, 2007) ; 3. silica related paramagnetic centers (Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole -NBOHC, PerOxyRadical -POR, SiE', Self-Trapped Hole -STH 1/2) or diamagnetic centres (Oxygen Deficient Centre -ODC; Peroxy Linkage -POL), Girard et al, 2008). In order to distinguish the contribution of various color centers to the irradiation induced absorption in silica optical fibers, complementary investigations, apart from the off-line/online optical transmission measurements, were carried-out: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance -EPR Radiation effects, 2007;Sporea et al, 2010a;Weeks & Sonder, 1963), luminescence (Girard et al, 2005;Girard et al, 2006;Sporea et al, 2010a;Miniscalco et al, 1986), thermoluminescence (Espinosa et al, 2006;Hashim et al, 2008;Mady et al, 2010;Sporea et al, 2010b;Yaakob et al, 2011), confocal microscopy luminescence and Raman analysis Origlio, 2009), time resolved photoluminescence .…”

Section: Optical Fibers Performances Under Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to distinguish the contribution of various color centers to the irradiation induced absorption in silica optical fibers, complementary investigations, apart from the off-line/online optical transmission measurements, were carried-out: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance -EPR Radiation effects, 2007;Sporea et al, 2010a;Weeks & Sonder, 1963), luminescence (Girard et al, 2005;Girard et al, 2006;Sporea et al, 2010a;Miniscalco et al, 1986), thermoluminescence (Espinosa et al, 2006;Hashim et al, 2008;Mady et al, 2010;Sporea et al, 2010b;Yaakob et al, 2011), confocal microscopy luminescence and Raman analysis Origlio, 2009), time resolved photoluminescence . Based on the results derived from different sources, a decomposition of the optical absorption spectra by using Gaussian bands associated to known color centers can be performed Girard et al, 2011;Sporea et al, 2010a). Apart from the aspects previously described (increase of the optical absorption in irradiated optical fibers, post irradiation luminescence and thermoluminescence effects) other phenomena have to be considered as prospective candidates for the use of optical fibers in radiation monitoring: 1. generation of Cerenkov radiation when optical fibers are subjected to a charged particle flux; 2. radiation induced luminescence (RIL) in optical fibers under irradiation (Skuja et al, 1996).…”

Section: Optical Fibers Performances Under Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RIA induced by X-ray irradiation in multimode P-doped optical fibers (7 wt.% phosphorus concentration in the optical fiber core) was investigated as preliminary studies on the use of such optical fibers to evaluate the total dose (Girard et al, 2011). Measurements were carried out for a total dose up to 3 kGy, at different temperatures (5 0 C; 15 0 C; 25 0 C, 35 0 C and 50 0 C), for dose rates of 1 Gy/s; 10 Gy/s and 50 Gy/ s. The optical absorption was monitored over the 350 nm -900 nm spectral range.…”

Section: Intrinsic Optical Fiber Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Fibers and Optical Fiber Sensors Used in Radiation Monitoring

Sporea¹,

Sporea²,

O'Keeffe³

et al. 2012

Selected Topics on Optical Fiber Technology

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“…• C and considered responsible to almost the entire RIA at 1 310 nm in P co-doped fibers [13] . The co-doping with Ge may induce Ge(1) centers contributing to the RIA of the tested wavelength [14] ; however, the induced absorption band of Ge(1) was unmeasurable at 1 310 nm in the present lowdose (100 Gy) experiment [15] .…”

Section: Fig 5 Ria Temperature-dependence After Accelerated Annealimentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation of optical f ibers

Song¹,

Guo²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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We investigate the temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) at 1 310 nm for a Ge/P co-doped fiber after a steady-state γ-ray irradiation. A γ irradiation facility 60 Co source is used to irradiate the fiber at a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min, satisfying a total dose of 100 Gy. The test temperature ranges from -40 to 60• C by 20• C, and the RIA of the fiber is obtained using a power measuring device. The experimental result demonstrates that RIA exhibits a steady, monotonic, and remarkable temperature dependence after approximately 48 h of accelerated annealing at 70• C. The optical fiber irradiated with a high dose and annealed sufficiently can be used as a temperature sensor.OCIS The recent advancements in photonic technologies have provided new applications for optical fibers involving radiation environment, such as fibre optic gyroscope (FOG) [1,2] and fiber optics amplifiers [3,4] in space. The presence of highly energetic radiation in this environment, however, may induce additional optical attenuation greatly. Radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) is primarily caused by the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the fiber, i.e., formation of color centers [5,6] . In addition, a number of studies have indicated that the RIA of an optical fiber is sensitive to temperature [7,8] . Various studies have demonstrated that RIA decreases with increasing temperature, with the exception of fibers containing phosphorus (P) [9] . This phenomenon is mainly because of thermal annealing of color centers, which eliminates more of the damage at an elevated temperature [10] . For a P-doped fiber, researchers have considered this exception by transforming the phosphorus oxygen hole center (POHC) into the P1 center [11,12] . In this letter, the temperature behavior of the RIA of a Ge/P co-doped fiber after steady-state γ-ray irradiation and a series of annealing treatments was tested to demonstrate the temperature dependence of color center absorption. Our tests only considered the temperature, avoiding the influence of other factors, such as radiation dose and dose rate.Only one type of fiber was studied in our experiments, Ge/P co-doped both in core and cladding. The cladding and coating diameters of this fiber were 80 and 165 µm. This 300-m-long fiber was produced with a loss constant of 0.8 dB/km at 1 310 nm.Our experiments involved three steps. First, the temperature behavior of the fiber loss was tested in two temperature cycles before irradiation to compare the RIA temperature effect. Second, the tested fiber was subjected to radiation to satisfy a total dose of 100 Gy, and then set aside for approximately 4 d at room temperature for primary annealing. Two temperature cycling tests were conducted for the RIA temperature characteristic testing, in which the test condition was the same as the initial conditions. Finally, the fiber underwent an accelerated annealing process at 70• C, which was 10• C higher than the maximal test temperature, until the attenuation variation was less than ...

show abstract

Feasibility of radiation dosimetry with phosphorus-doped optical fibers in the ultraviolet and visible domain

Cited by 76 publications

References 16 publications

First steps towards a distributed optical fiber radiation sensing system

First steps towards a distributed optical fiber radiation sensing system

Optical Fibers and Optical Fiber Sensors Used in Radiation Monitoring

Temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation of optical f ibers

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