Biomaterials are materials of metallic, ceramic, polymeric, or composite origin that are used or that have been designed for use in medical devices or in contact with the body in order to augment, replace, or restore the function of diseased or damaged tissues or organs. Applications involving biomaterials range from load bearing orthopedic devices to degradable sutures to living skin equivalents. Although the types of materials used as biomaterials is diverse, most implanted biomaterials elicit a very similar inflammatory and foreign body response. In an attempt to minimize adverse biological responses and improve the performance of biomaterials at a tissue, cellular, and molecular level, current research in biomaterials has led to a paradigm change in which biomaterials consist of, mimic, or are designed to interact specifically with biological elements and systems. Continued adaptation of biomaterials design to biological responses will result in better performing devices that work with the body to promote tissue regeneration and healing.