Feasibility of a laboratory X-ray laser pumped by ultrashort UV laser pulses

Steyer, M.; Schaefer, F. P.; Szatmàri, S.; Kuehnle, Goetz

doi:10.1007/bf00325058

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Inspection of equation (8) shows that distributed feedback dye lasers can be tuned by a number of methods such as half angle, refractive index and Bragg index techniques. The measured variation in lasing wavelength as a function of refractive index is shown in Figure 6 Above results indicate that it is possible to tune DFB laser by varying refractive index at a rate (d2/dn) of about 10 nmJO.2l .…”

Section: Tunabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical arrangements include Shank type geometry, prism-dye cell geometry, reflection or transmission grating geometry and telescopic geometry [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. A few representative arrangements are shown in Figure …”

Section: Dfdl Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principle of distributed feedback lasers is based on coupled wave theory [4][5][6][7][8]. A DFB structure with or without external feedback is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Dfdl Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrafast distributed feedback dye lasers

Khan

2000

SPIE Proceedings

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A distributed feedback dye laser (DFDL) was experimentally studied to determine the utmost lower limit on ultrafast pulse generation. The ultimate aim was to determine its suitability as a cheaper high peak power laser source. The dye cell was excited by the 2nd harmonic of a laboratory built cavity dumped passively q. switched and modelocked Nd: YAG Laser to induce temperature phase grating in dye solution. Different features studied include threshold conditions, pulse shortening by reducing cavity length, polymerization limitations, simultaneous induction of multiple superimposed gratings, line narrowing, polarization, temporal and spectral characteristics.The pump polarization affect on dynamic gratings and threshold conditions indicated the number of lasing lines (maximum nine) or intensity of a single line depends upon the state of pump polarization (SOP). Various types of tuning methods such as Bragg index, refractive index, half angle and state of pump polarization were tested for improved divergence, bandwidth, line-width and wider spectral ranges. The combined effect of coherence length and SOP of excitation laser on emission of multiple lines was studied without using external gratings. The results of this critical and contemporary work on DFDL is in agreement with most of the published results and opens a new era for their potential suitability in optical communication, sensing and photonic devices.

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Section: Tunabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dfdl Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrafast distributed feedback dye lasers

Khan

2000

SPIE Proceedings

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“…Merits of short-pulse KrF laser systems for the realization of soft-X-ray lasers have been early realized by Schiller and his Laser Physics Group at the Max-Planck-Institut fiir biophysikalische Chemie [25]. For this goal they have started and performed important developments of laboratory-scale powerful KrF laser systems of the type, which has been described above.…”

Section: Prospects For Soft-x-ray Lasers Pumped By Short-pulse Krf Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-pulse high-intensity excimer lasers — A powerful tool for the generation of coherent VUV and XUV radiation

et al. 1996

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Abstract. Different approaches for the generation of coherent VUV and XUV radiation with a 400 fs KrF excimer-laser system are studied. In nonlinear optical experiments it is shown that four-wave difference-frequency mixing in Xe, using a near two-photon resonance with the KrF laser radiation, is well suited for the generation of tunable VUV radiation in the range 130-200 nm. Conversion efficiencies of 2% and output energies up to 260 I.tJ have been demonstrated. Further prospects to achieve mJ energies are discussed. Using this VUV source and the KrF laser, powerful XUV radiation can be generated by different low-order frequency mixing processes. In first experiments on this subject, direct frequency tripling of the KrF laser pulse has resulted in 14 gJ XUV radiation at 83 nm.For the realization of soft-X-ray lasers, specific advantages of short-pulse KrF drivers are discussed. Novel scenarios based on a hybrid KrF/Ti: sapphire laser system and multiphoton resonant excitation are considered. PACS: 42.65.Ky; 52.40.DbThe development of practical coherent radiation sources operating at short wavelengths, in the VUV (below 200 nm), XUV (below 100 nm) and especially in the X-ray region (below 30 nm), is among the most important and long-standing problems in laser physics. For example, speculations and proposals on the possibility of X-ray lasing have begun immediately after the invention of lasers, but the first successful demonstrations of X-ray lasers (at about 20 nm) have only been reported in 1985 [1,2]. On the other hand, using methods of nonlinear optics, the generation of coherent radiation at 38 nm has already been observed in 1977, by successive frequency up-conversion of 1.06 gm Nd:YAG laser radiation in Dedicated to Prof. F. P. Sch/ifer on the occasion of his 65th birthday. nonlinear crystals and gases [3]. In these experiments ns laser pulses with energies of the order of kJ (X-ray lasers) and 30 ps, 60 mJ laser pulses (nonlinear optics) have been used.A key parameter for the efficient generation of shortwavelength coherent radiation is the laser intensity. For high-order nonlinear processes and for the creation of highly ionized non-equilibrium plasmas, very high laser intensities, above 1015 W/cm 2, are necessary. Due to the recent progress in laser technology, such and higher intensities can be easily realized with modern compact shortpulse laser systems. In these high-power laser systems, low-intensity short pulses are generated by a suitable oscillator and then amplified in one or more amplification stages. Design of the oscillator and amplifier systems depends on the laser material. Short-pulse high-power laser systems may be realized with solid and gaseous laser materials. In commercial systems, Ti:sapphire and the KrF excimer are most frequently used. Some properties of these laser materials for short-pulse high-power laser applications are summarized in Table 1.With Ti:sapphire crystals, both the generation of short pulses (typically by Kerr lens mode locking of cw argon ion-laser-pumped systems...

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“…[1][2][3] Frequency tripling of the ArF laser has been reported to be a useful source of 64-nm radiation, 4 which can find important applications in biology and lithography. Short-pulse high-brightness ArF laser systems can be considered as a promising pump source for the production of x rays and laboratoryscale x-ray laser schemes, 5 but they may also play a fundamental role in extending the range of the ultrafast photodynamical studies of molecules' into the VU1V region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrally compensated sum-frequency mixing scheme for generation of broadband radiation at 193 nm

Hofmann¹,

Mossavi²,

Tittel³

et al. 1992

Opt. Lett.

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A dispersively compensated scheme for sum-frequency mixing of broadband ultrashort laser pulses is reported. An increase of the bandwidth of the sum-frequency mixing process by 12 times compared with the noncompensated bandwidth of the given crystal has been demonstrated. Mixing radiation at 266 and 707 nm in a 1-mm-thick beta-barium metaborate crystal by using the compensated scheme results in an output bandwidth of 0.6 nm at 193 nm, which corresponds to a minimum output pulse duration of 90 fs.The interest in various applications of far-UV and VIJV laser pulses, such as ultrafast photodissociation studies of molecules or laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, has led to the development of methods to generate intense, coherent light in this part of the spectrum. A particularly important wavelength in this range is 193 nm, which is the wavelength of the ArF excimer laser. Ultrashort seed pulses at 193 nm can be amplified to gigawatt power levels. [1][2][3] Frequency tripling of the ArF laser has been reported to be a useful source of 64-nm radiation, 4 which can find important applications in biology and lithography. Short-pulse high-brightness ArF laser systems can be considered as a promising pump source for the production of x rays and laboratoryscale x-ray laser schemes, 5 but they may also play a fundamental role in extending the range of the ultrafast photodynamical studies of molecules' into the VU1V region.Different methods of generating 193-nm radiation have been reported: sum-frequency mixing (SFM) of UV and IR wavelengths in beta-barium metaborate 2 , 9 (BBO) and potassium pentaborate,' 0 third-harmonic generation in Sr vapor,' and nonresonant 3 and nearresonant" difference-frequency mixing in Xe. Frequency mixing in gases generally requires extremely high pump intensities to achieve output energies sufficient for practical applications. 3 For short pulses, the high dispersion of BBO makes it difficult to achieve high-efficiency SFM in the VUV range. By using the Sellmeier constants reported by Kato,1 2 the spectral bandwidth for SFM at 193 nm using wavelengths of approximately 266 and 707 nm for a 1-mm-thick BBO crystal can be calculated to be approximately 0.05 nm, which corresponds to an approximately I-ps minimum pulse duration, assuming a Gaussian pulse shape. Thus to generate 193-nm radiation with pulse durations in the subpicosecond range the crystal thickness should be well below 1 mm, which in turn results in decreased conversion efficiency. 2Several schemes for efficient frequency doubling'3-6 and tripling 17 of broadband ultrashort pulses by means of compensating the chromatic dispersion of the nonlinear crystal by angular spectral dispersion have been reported. The methods described in Refs. 13-16 were developed for frequency doubling; consequently, they cannot be used directly for SFM.The tripling scheme of Ref. 17 could also be used for SFM, but its single-beam input design would considerably increase the risk of damage to the dispersive element, and restriction of the input energy in ...

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Feasibility of a laboratory X-ray laser pumped by ultrashort UV laser pulses

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

Ultrafast distributed feedback dye lasers

Ultrafast distributed feedback dye lasers

Short-pulse high-intensity excimer lasers — A powerful tool for the generation of coherent VUV and XUV radiation

Spectrally compensated sum-frequency mixing scheme for generation of broadband radiation at 193 nm

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