Fear reactivation prior to exposure therapy: Does it facilitate the effects of VR exposure in a randomized clinical sample?

Shiban, Youssef; Brütting, Johanna; Pauli, Paul; Mühlberger, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.09.009

Cited by 59 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Broadly, the hypotheses were not supported, as there were no significant differences across the groups for any of the clinical measures. Findings were consistent with a previous study that showed no effect of a VR reactivation stimulus (Shiban et al., ). With regard to the primary clinical outcomes of FoF (FFI, QAF, and SCID diagnostic status) and secondary measures, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in symptoms from pre‐ to posttreatment and maintained these gains to 1 year.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Targeting memory reconsolidation to prevent the return of fear in patients with fear of flying

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Targeting memory reconsolidation to prevent the return of fear in patients with fear of flying

et al. 2017

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“…68–70 The clinical utility of R-E training has been examined in only 2 previously published studies. One was the previously noted study by Xue et al 49 and the other 71 used R-E training with spider phobics and found significant clinical benefits in both the R-E training and control groups. However, the equivalent outcomes were likely attributable to either a failure to induce reconsolidation or the occurrence of implicit fear reactivation in both groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of a Brief Memory Updating Intervention on Smoking Behavior

et al. 2017

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IMPORTANCE Recent research on addiction-related memory processes suggests that protracted extinction training following brief cue-elicited memory retrieval (ie, retrieval-extinction [R-E] training) can attenuate/eradicate the ability of cues to elicit learned behaviors. One study reported that cue-elicited craving among detoxified heroin addicts was substantially attenuated following R-E training and through 6-month follow-up. OBJECTIVE To build on these impressive findings by examining whether R-E training could attenuate smoking-related craving and behavior. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective, mixed-design, human laboratory randomized clinical trial took place between December 2013 and September 2015. Participants were recruited in Charleston, South Carolina. Study sessions took place at the Medical University of South Carolina. The participants were 168 screened volunteer smokers, of whom 88 were randomized; 72 of these 88 participants (81.8%) attended all the follow-up sessions through 1 month. The primary eligibility criteria were current nicotine dependence (DSM criteria), smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day, and a willingness to attempt smoking cessation. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly assigned to receive either smoking-related memory retrieval followed by extinction training (the R-E group) or nonsmoking-related retrieval followed by extinction training (the NR-E group). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes were cue-elicited craving and physiological responding to familiar and novel cues in the R-E group vs the NR-E group over a 1-month follow-up period. Secondary outcomes were smoking-related behaviors. RESULTS A total of 44 participants were randomly assigned to the R-E group (mean age, 48.3 years; 72.7% male); a total of 44 participants were randomly assigned to the NR-E group, with 43 attending at least 1 training session (mean age, 46.7 years; 55.8% male). The mean craving response to both familiar and novel smoking cues was significantly lower for participants in the R-E group than for participants in the NR-E group at 1-month follow-up (for both cue types: t1225 = 2.1, P = .04, d = 0.44, and Δ = 0.47 [95% CI, 0.04–0.90]). The mean numbers of cigarettes smoked per day at 2 weeks and 1-month were significantly lower for the R-E group than for the NR-E group (treatment main effect: F1,68 = 5.4, P = .02, d = 0.50, and Δ = 2.4 [95% CI, 0.4–4.5]). Significant differences in physiological responses, urine cotinine level, number of days abstinent, lapse, and relapse were not observed between groups (all between P = .06 and .75). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Retrieval-extinction training substantially attenuated craving to both familiar and novel smoking cues and reduced the number of cigarettes smoked per day by participants 1 month after treatment relative to extinction training alone. Between-group differences were not observed for physiological responses, cotinine level, number of days abstinent, relapse, or lapse. In summary, R-E training is a brief behavio...

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“…One study found no superiority of memory reactivation compared to no-reactivation, as both groups showed significant reduction in phobic symptoms, leaving open the possibility that retrieval-induced updating may augment treatment efficacy [52]. Another study found significant improvement following reactivation-extinction compared to the reversed (extinction-reactivation) procedure, but also found the unexpected immediate effect of rapid threat attenuation during exposure itself [53], providing some proof-of-concept More conclusively, a study in a similar spider-phobic population [54], compared groups that saw a spider image either 10 minutes or 6 hours (within or outside the reconsolidation window, respectively) before undergoing an extinction session.…”

Section: Translation Of Memory Reconsolidation Updatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Memory Reconsolidation Updating

Lee

Nader

Schiller

2017

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

437

368

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The reactivation of a synaptically stored memory in the brain can make the memory transiently labile. During the time it takes for the memory to re-stabilize (reconsolidate), the memory can either be reduced by an amnesic agent or enhanced by memory enhancers. The change in memory expression is related to changes in the brain correlates of long-term memory. Many have suggested that such retrieval-induced plasticity is ideally placed to enable memories to be updated with new information. This hypothesis has been tested experimentally, with a translational perspective, by attempts to update maladaptive memories in order to reduce their problematic impact. Here, we review the progress on reconsolidation-update studies, highlighting their translational exploitation and addressing recent challenges to the reconsolidation field.

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Fear reactivation prior to exposure therapy: Does it facilitate the effects of VR exposure in a randomized clinical sample?

Cited by 59 publications

References 35 publications

Targeting memory reconsolidation to prevent the return of fear in patients with fear of flying

Targeting memory reconsolidation to prevent the return of fear in patients with fear of flying

Effect of a Brief Memory Updating Intervention on Smoking Behavior

An Update on Memory Reconsolidation Updating

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