Fear, Psychosomatic Symptoms and Satisfaction of Primary Healthcare Workers during the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Rivers State Nigeria: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic there has been concerns about the imminent collapse of the health system if healthcare workers are physically, mentally, and socially affected to the point where service delivery is compromised. Therefore, this study investigated the fear, psychosomatic symptoms, and satisfaction of the Primary Healthcare Workers (PHCWs) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Rivers State Nigeria.
 Methods: A facility cross-sectional survey was conducted involving the primary healthcare workers. Descriptive analysis of mean with standard deviation were reported for continuous variables, frequency and percentage were used to report categorical variables.
 Results: A total of 412 PHCWs participated in the study (mean age: 39.5±7.5). 223 (54.4%) were sure of going to work, while 260 (63.4%) were afraid of contracting the COVID-19 virus. However, 294 (71.7%) were not stigmatized and 256 (62.4%) were satisfied with their capacity for work. Also, 333 (81.2%), 357(87.3%), and 271(66.6%) were not satisfied with, transportation, money to meet their daily needs, and work environment, respectively. Perceived psychosomatic symptoms by respondents were chest pain (50.0%), stomach upset (38.0%), lump in the throat (40.0%), no feeling of hunger (52.0%), and shortness of breath (32.0%). Anxiety and stress symptoms experienced were inability to concentrate (38.2%), got angry easily (24.9%), worried (48.5%), low mood, anxiety, or depression (24.1%) and afraid of encountering security personnel on their way to work (67.6%).
 Conclusions: We observed perceived fears, psychosomatic, anxiety, and stress symptoms, as well as low satisfaction among the primary healthcare workers. We suggest that the government and health care agencies should put in place measures that will improve the psychological well-being and mental health of the PHCWs during the pandemic.

Validity and Reliability of a COVID-19 Stigma Scale Using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in a Sample of Egyptian Physicians: E16-COVID19-S

“…To date, limited quantitative research exists on the magnitude of COVID-19 stigma among HCWs. Few studies reported varying proportions of COVID-19 stigma (ranging from 28 to 70%) [11][12][13]. However, the studies published so far have utilized non-specific or non-validated stigma tools [11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…Few studies reported varying proportions of COVID-19 stigma (ranging from 28 to 70%) [11][12][13]. However, the studies published so far have utilized non-specific or non-validated stigma tools [11][12][13][14][15]. Studies that attempted to use a specific validated COVID-19 stigma scale have done so involving either non-HCWs [17,18] or a particular group of HCWs who were quarantined for lengthy periods [16].…”

“…Research that quantitatively examined the extent of COVID-19 stigma among HCWs is limited. Studies from Nigeria [11], Pakistan [12], and India [13] reported that 28.3%, 41.9%, and 70% of studied HCWs experienced some form of stigma, respectively. However, these and other studies assessed COVID-19 stigma with non-specific/non-validated tools or among quarantined HCWs or non-HCWs [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”