Validity and Reliability of a COVID-19 Stigma Scale Using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in a Sample of Egyptian Physicians: E16-COVID19-S

Mostafa, Aya; Mostafa, Nayera Samy; Ismail, Nashwa

doi:10.3390/ijerph18105451

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Specificallydeveloped items were also commonly used as predictors of mental health outcomes among different Asian populations during the COVID-19 pandemic (Choi et al, 2020;Yeung et al, 2020). Even our self-developed scales reported satisfactory psychometric properties, validating our findings by measuring the same concepts (e.g., Work Satisfaction Scale, perceived stigma for healthcare workers) (Traynor and Wade, 1993;Mostafa et al, 2021) or similar concepts (e.g., COVID-19 organizational support) (Zhang et al, 2020) with other standardized scales is worthwhile.…”

Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 62%

Feeling Anxious Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Factors Associated With Anxiety Symptoms Among Nurses in Hong Kong

et al. 2021

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Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the burden for the medical systems around the world. In Hong Kong, the pandemic not only affects the local populations, but also the healthcare workers. Healthcare workers, especially nurses, involving in COVID-19 treatments are highly susceptible to adverse psychological outcomes (e.g., anxiety symptoms). Studies have shown that socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19-specific worries, and work settings-related variables are associated with healthcare workers' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, relevant studies for nurses in Hong Kong are limited. This study examined the psychosocial correlates of anxiety symptoms among nurses in Hong Kong.Methods: Nurses (N = 1,510) working in hospitals and community settings were recruited through nursing associations in Hong Kong between August 8, 2020 and September 22, 2020. They were invited to complete a cross-sectional survey measuring their anxiety symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19-specific worries, and satisfaction with work and workplace pandemic-control guidelines.Results: 17.2% of nurses reported moderate to severe levels of anxiety symptoms. Results from hierarchical regressions found that higher COVID-19-specific worries (contracting COVID-19, family members contracting COVID-19 due to their nursing work, insufficient protective equipment at workplace) (βs ranged from 0.07 to 0.20, ps < 0.01), higher perceived stigma of being a healthcare worker (β = 0.18, p < 0.001), and lower work satisfaction (β = −0.21, p < 0.001) were associated with higher anxiety symptoms.Conclusion: A moderate proportion of nurses in Hong Kong did report levels of anxiety symptoms amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Futures studies could focus on the contributing factors of anxiety symptoms to design for effective strategies to promote nurses' well-being during pandemic situations.

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Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 62%

Feeling Anxious Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Factors Associated With Anxiety Symptoms Among Nurses in Hong Kong

et al. 2021

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“…PES items have received high recognition and acceptance in previous studies. Examples of such items include “People don’t want me around their children once they know I am an FHW.” and “People have physically backed away from me when they learn I am an FHW.” The Cronbach's α coefficient based on the previous research [ 59 ] was 0.907, and in this current study, the Cronbach alpha 0.96 indicates high internal consistency.…”

Section: Survey Instrumentsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…The COVID-19 stigmatisation scale is made up of sixteen (16) items categorised into three subscales: personalised stigma (PES), concern for disclosure and public attitude (CDP), and negative experience (NEX) [ 59 ]. PES items have received high recognition and acceptance in previous studies.…”

Section: Survey Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the effects of COVID-19 stigmatisation on job performance: a survey of frontline healthcare workers

et al. 2022

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The level of stigmatisation among health care providers has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and understanding the effect of COVID-19 stigmatisation on job performance has become increasingly important. The study explores the influence of COVID-19 stigmatisation on job performance among frontline health workers via the mediating role of anxiety. Furthermore, the moderating effect of resilience in the association between COVID-19 stigmatisation and anxiety is further examined. Participants were made up of 820 frontline health workers working in the epicentres of the Bono Ahafo, Western, Greater Accra, and Northern regions of Ghana. The hierarchical regression technique was employed in estimating the relationship between the variables. COVID-19 stigmatisation among frontline health workers directly affected anxiety and performance. In addition, the results showed that resilience moderated the relationship between COVID-19 stigmatisation and anxiety. The findings again demonstrated that anxiety partially mediated the association between concern for disclosure and public attitude and negative experience and job performance, whereas personalised stigma was insignificant. The study provides implications for establishing anti-stigma interventions and programs to enhance job performance among health workers. Key messages Many healthcare workers are subject to stigmatisation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employs hierarchical regression methods to examine the impacts of COVID-19 stigmatisation on job performance among frontline health workers. The health management team should strengthen interventions to control the stigma experienced by health workers during COVID-19 treatments.

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“…The new LCSS is an important addition to the growing number of existing scales for measuring stigma among people with acute COVID-19 infection (44)(45)(46) or at risk of such infection (47) . The stigma associated with Long Covid is unique, requiring its own measurement tool; unlike acute COVID-19, Long Covid is a chronic, less well understood condition, often psychologised, and has serious implications for people's long-term health and productivity.…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Long Covid stigma: estimating burden and validating scale in a UK-based sample

Pantelic

Ziauddeen

Boyes

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundStigma can be experienced as perceived or actual disqualification from social and institutional acceptance on the basis of one or more physical, behavioural or other attributes deemed to be undesirable. Long Covid is a predominantly multisystem condition that occurs in people with a history of SARSCoV2 infection, often resulting in functional disability.AimTo develop and validate a Long Covid Stigma Scale (LCSS); and to quantify the burden of Long Covid stigma.Design and SettingFollow-up of a co-produced community-based Long Covid online survey using convenience non-probability sampling.MethodThirteen questions on stigma were designed to develop the LCSS capturing three domains – enacted (overt experiences of discrimination), internalised (internalising negative associations with Long Covid and accepting them as self-applicable) and anticipated (expectation of bias/poor treatment by others) stigma. Confirmatory factor analysis tested whether LCSS consisted of the three hypothesised domains. Model fit was assessed and prevalence was calculated.Results966 UK-based participants responded (888 for stigma questions), with mean age 48 years (SD: 10.7) and 85% female. Factor loadings for enacted stigma were 0.70-0.86, internalised 0.75-0.84, anticipated 0.58-0.87, and model fit was good. The prevalence of experiencing stigma at least ‘sometimes’ and ‘often/always’ was 95% and 76% respectively. Anticipated and internalised stigma were more frequently experienced than enacted stigma. Those who reported having a clinical diagnosis of Long Covid had higher stigma prevalence than those without.ConclusionThis study establishes a scale to measure Long Covid stigma and highlights common experiences of stigma in people living with Long Covid.

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Validity and Reliability of a COVID-19 Stigma Scale Using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in a Sample of Egyptian Physicians: E16-COVID19-S

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Feeling Anxious Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Factors Associated With Anxiety Symptoms Among Nurses in Hong Kong

Feeling Anxious Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Factors Associated With Anxiety Symptoms Among Nurses in Hong Kong

Understanding the effects of COVID-19 stigmatisation on job performance: a survey of frontline healthcare workers

Long Covid stigma: estimating burden and validating scale in a UK-based sample

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