Fear of Pain Questionnaire: adaptação para o português europeu

Abstract

In Portugal, it is estimated that chronic pain affects 36.7% of the population, constituting a multifactorial phenomenon with great impact on individual, family, community, and social levels. In the fear-avoidance model of pain, one of the most consistent consensus in the literature, the fear arises as one of the variables that can contribute to the development and maintenance of this condition. Thus, instruments for evaluating the fear of pain, as Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ-III), may be useful in the conceptualization of the subjective experience of pain. Accordingly, this paper aims to describe the adaptation of FPQ-III to the European Portuguese idiom. A total of 1,094 participants (795 female; mean age=25.16, SD=7.72 years old) completed the web based questionnaire. The results point to a different factor model found in the first study of the original scale (five factors: minor pain, severe pain, medical pain, injection pain, and afflicted pain), good internal consistency (0.75 to 0.85) and good correlations (between 0.30 and 0.59) between subscales and (between 0.68 e 0.85) for the total score and subscales. Given the need to meet the various dimensions of the subjective experience of pain, the Fear of Pain Questionnaire is assumed as a useful tool that, in combination with other tools, may contribute to the evaluation and intervention procedures progressively more comprehensive and adjusted to the challenges raised with the issue of chronic pain.

The Fear of Pain Questionnaire: Factor structure, validity and reliability of the Italian translation

“…Each of these subscales consists of 10 items; example items include “Breaking your arm” for Severe Pain, “Cutting your tongue licking an envelope” for Minor Pain and “Receiving an injection in your arm” for Medical Pain. Satisfactory psychometric properties, including good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, have been reported in previous studies [11,14,15].…”

“…The questionnaire is now available in English [7] and other languages [10,13–15]. However, an Italian translation has not yet been developed.…”

The reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire

“…However, support for a three-factor structure is mixed (Osman et al, 2002; Roelofs et al, 2005; Van Wijk and Hoogstraten, 2006). That is, most of the studies have supported the three-factor structure (Mcneil and Rainwater, 1998; Roelofs et al, 2005), some of them only when using item parcels (Albaret et al, 2004; Osman et al, 2002; Van Wijk and Hoogstraten, 2006); however, one study found that a five-factor-structure was the best solution in the sample studied (Cardoso et al, 2016).…”

“…The FPQ-III total and the three subscale scores have shown excellent reliability characteristics across a variety of populations (Cronbach’s alphas for the total scale range from 0.91 to 0.93; Cronbach’s alphas for the three subscales’ range from 0.75 to 0.90; test–retest reliability over a 3-week period range from 0.69 to 0.76 for the three subscales (Cardoso et al, 2016; Mcneil and Rainwater, 1998; Osman et al, 2002; Roelofs et al, 2005; Van Wijk and Hoogstraten, 2006). Furthermore, the three FPQ-III subscale scores have been found to be valid across a number of validity criteria.…”

Translation and Validation of Fear of Pain-9 Items into Simplified Chinese Version for Mainland China

“…2 With higher FOP when experiencing painful events, nonclinical patients may report higher pain degrees, 3 whereas chronic patients may report more pain density, worse activity performance and lower quality of life. 4,5 To assess FOP in the pain population, professor McNeil developed the fear of pain questionnaire-III (FOP-III) 6 in 1998, which has been widely validated in many different countries, including China, 7 Portugal, 8 Turkey, 9 Dutch, 10 Italy, 11 and Brazil, 12 and exhibited excellent reliability and validity in various cultures. Although it has been confirmed applicable to evaluating not only trait FOP but also state FOP in nonclinical 13 and clinical people, 14 FOP-III is still not brief enough for the administration of patients in busy outpatient and inpatient settings.…”