Fear of missing out and sleep: Cognitive behavioural factors in adolescents' nighttime social media use

Scott, Holly; Woods, Heather

doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.009

Cited by 155 publications

(147 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, considering previous and current findings together, this suggests that although adolescents who spend more time on social media do tend to take longer to fall asleep, both these behaviours could reflect underlying aspects of wellbeing, with depression and anxiety linked to both poor sleep quality and social media use 16 . This is consistent with evidence that sleep onset latency and pre-sleep cognitive arousal is predicted by underlying concerns about potentially missing out, rather than social media behaviour itself 14 . Since the purpose of this study was to isolate and quantify associations between social media use and sleep, the current approach of including wellbeing measures as covariates provided this insight into which sleep associations do and do not persist independent of wellbeing and other covariates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Scott¹,

Biello²,

Woods³

2019

Preprint

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ObjectivesThis study examines associations between social media use and multiple sleep parameters in a large representative adolescent sample, controlling for a wide range of covariates.DesignThe authors used cross-sectional data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a large nationally representative UK birth cohort study.ParticipantsData from 11,872 adolescents (aged 13-15 years) were used in analyses.MethodsSix self-reported sleep parameters captured sleep timing and quality: sleep onset and wake times (on school days and free days), sleep onset latency (time taken to fall asleep) and trouble falling back asleep after nighttime awakening. Binomial logistic regressions investigated associations between daily social media use and each sleep parameter, controlling for a range of relevant covariates.ResultsAverage social media use was 1 to <3h per day (31.6%, n = 3720). 33.7% were classed as low users (<1h; n = 3986), 13.9% were high users (3 to <5h; n = 1602) and 20.8% were very high users (5+h; n = 2203). Girls reported spending more time on social media than boys. Overall, heavier social media use was associated with poorer sleep patterns, controlling for covariates. For example, very high social media users were more likely than comparable average users to report late sleep onset (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.83 to 2.50) and wake times (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.32 to 2.93) on school days, and trouble falling back asleep after nighttime awakening (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.66). ConclusionsThis study provides a normative profile of UK adolescent social media use and sleep. Results indicate statistically and practically significant associations between social media use and sleep patterns, particularly late sleep onset. Sleep education and interventions can focus on supporting young people to balance online interactions with an appropriate sleep schedule that allows sufficient sleep on school nights.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Bedtime social media use can delay sleep onset 14 , with some adolescents reporting difficulties disengaging from social media to sleep 13 . A similar process could also indirectly delay sleep onset, if other daytime activities (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Scott¹,

Biello²,

Woods³

2019

Preprint

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“…Overall, these studies suggest that use of technology does adversely impact sleep duration. Ten of the included studies measured bedtime/nighttime media use using various methods, mainly self‐report or parent‐report, and either asked parents or youth to report on the amount of time using screen media before going to bed, or asked if any screens were present in the youth's bedroom (Arora, Broglia, Thomas, & Taheri, ; Dimitriou, Knight, & Milton, ; Dube, Khan, Loehr, Chu, & Veugelers, ; Lemola, Perkinson‐Gloor, Brand, Dewald‐Kaufmann, & Grob, ; Munezawa et al, ; Nathanson & Beyens, , ; Oshima et al, ; Scott & Woods, ; Seo, Kim, Yang, & Hong, ). All studies that focused on nighttime use specifically found that social media, tablet, or smartphone use was associated with shorter sleep duration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies did not find significant associations between media use and sleep‐onset latency (Arora et al, ; Heath et al, ). Three of the studies found a significant association between bedtime social media or smartphone use and increased latency (Fobian, Avis, & Schwebel, ; Pieters et al, ; Scott & Woods, ), while one study found increased latency associated with a measure of internet addiction (Ekİncİ et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive use of mobile devices and children's physical health

Domoff

Borgen

Foley

et al. 2019

Human Behav and Emerg Tech

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Children's mobile device (e.g., smartphone, tablet) access and ownership has grown substantially in the past decade. Concerns exist regarding excessive use and the impact of frequent consumption of mobile media on children's health and well‐being. We review the literature on the harmful physical health correlates of excessive mobile device use during childhood and adolescence. Strongest evidence emerged regarding the impact of excessive mobile device use and sleep outcomes. Mixed evidence emerged regarding excessive use of mobile devices and physical activity and obesity. Too few studies were identified to draw conclusions about mobile device use and the following health concerns in children: musculoskeletal outcomes/pain, ocular health, and migraine/headaches. Recommendations for future research on the association between excessive mobile device use and children's physical health outcomes (particularly investigations into the experience of musculoskeletal pain/discomfort, ocular symptoms, and neurological symptoms) are discussed.

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“…Pre-sleep arousal is a cognitive aspect of sleep and insomnia which has been recognised for a number of years [29] and has relevance to understanding the cognitive aspects of social media's impact on sleep. Scott and Cleland Woods [30] highlight two parallel pathways that predict shorter sleep duration stemming from a shared underlying cognitive driver; fear of missing out (FOMO). We saw separate behavioural and cognitive components, with FOMO driving adolescents to actively engage more in social media behaviours at night (the behavioural component) and also feel more alert in bed (the cognitive component).…”

Section: A Holistic Approach Moving Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merging the Biological and Cognitive Processes of Sleep and Screens

Woods

Scott

2019

Curr Sleep Medicine Rep

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Purpose of Review Screens are a permanent feature of life today and we have reached an interesting juncture with different research agendas investigating the biological and cognitive aspects of screen use separately. This review argues that it is timely and indeed essential that we bring together these research areas to fully understand both positive and negative aspects of screen use.Recent Findings More recent work is starting to take a more cohesive approach to understanding how device use pre-bedtime can impact our sleep by including both light and content in their experimental protocols which is a welcome development leading to a more nuanced understanding of both biological and cognitive processes. Summary We call for an open and collaborative approach to gain momentum in this direction of acknowledging both biological and cognitive factors enabling us to understand the relative impacts of both whilst using screens with regard to both light and content.

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Fear of missing out and sleep: Cognitive behavioural factors in adolescents' nighttime social media use

Abstract: Efforts to develop and evaluate intervention strategies should therefore consider not only social media behaviours but also underlying cognitive factors, such as fear of missing out.

Cited by 155 publications

References 18 publications

Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Excessive use of mobile devices and children's physical health

Merging the Biological and Cognitive Processes of Sleep and Screens

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