“…A variety of CBT methods (e.g. systematic desensitization, flooding, implosion, and relaxation) has been found to yield reductions in flying anxiety after treatment (Beckham, Vrana, May, Gustafson, & Smith, 1990;Denholtz & Mann, 1975;Haug et al, 1987;Howard, Murphy, & Clarke, 1983;Ost, Brandberg, & Alm, 1997;Solyom, Shugar, Bryntwick, & Solyom, 1973;Van Gerwen, Diekstrra, Arondeus, & Wolfger, 2004). In general, these studies utilized cognitive behavioral approaches to treatment, incorporating a combination of psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and some form of exposure.…”