Fe(<scp>iii</scp>) phytate metallogel as a prototype anhydrous, intermediate temperature proton conductor

Aiyappa, Harshitha Barike; Saha, Subhadeep; Wadge, Pritish; Banerjee, Rahul; Kurungot, Sreekumar

doi:10.1039/c4sc02294g

Cited by 93 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…With this GPE, the battery exhibited good flexibility to various deformations and excellent safety even with penetrative holes. With an Fe 3+ ‐ion‐induced metallogel of phytic acid (PA) in DMF as the precursor, Aiyappa et al obtained a pelletized xerogel material. This xerogel was proved to serve as an anhydrous solid electrolyte and separating membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.…”

Section: Device‐oriented Functionalization Of Metallogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallogels: Availability, Applicability, and Advanceability

et al. 2019

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amount of cross-linked solid. According to the nature of solvents, gels are categorized into hydrogel and organogel to indicate whether the solvent is water or organic solvent(s), respectively. As to the gelation driving forces, gels can be classified into physical gels in which intermolecular interactions are responsible for gel formation, and chemical gels in which the gel skeleton is cross-linked by covalent bonds.Incorporation of metal components (metal ions, metal-organic molecules, and metal nanoparticles) is an effective way to locally establish extra interactions among the building blocks and consequently trigger gel formation, [2][3][4] weaken [5] or enhance [6] gel strength, and modify gel morphology. [7,8] Moreover, addition of metal components is a straightforward way to integrate the specific properties of metals with the properties of organic matrix, therefore to tune properties like conductivity, [9] color, [10,11] rheological behavior, [12] adsorption, [13] emission, [14] photophysical properties, [15] magnetism, [16,17] antibacterial activities, [18,19] catalytic activities, [20][21][22][23] redox activities, [24,25] and selfhealing properties. [26][27][28] Therefore, a broad response range to physical and chemical stimuli can be achieved. For instance, the incorporation of multivalence ions such as Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ , [25,29] Co 2+ / Co 3+ , [30] Cu + /Cu 2+ , [31] results in redox reactive hydrogels; the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles like Fe 3 O 4[17] causes the gel to respond to external magnetic fields. In addition to the abovementioned intrinsically functional superiorities, metallogels can also serve as ideal templates to generate new materials, [13,22,23,32,33] such as 3D networks, [34] porous structures, [35] chiral materials, [36][37][38] quantum dots, [39] and nanorods. [40] Following the rapid advancement of exploration on the knowledge acquisition toward the major roles that metallogels are playing in catalysis, sensing, biomedicine, electronics, and optical devices, the focus of research has been transferred to the design principles of metallogels in the last decade. Owing to the advancements in the instrumental characterizations and theoretical calculations, [41] a number of pioneering efforts on metallogel design have been made and several innovative reviews have summarized these inspiring contributions. [32,[42][43][44] Despite their extensively acknowledged application advantages in many fields, the discovery of new metallogels with expected functionalities is still highly dependent on experimental screening and serendipity. The challenge stems from the susceptible balance among those complicated intermolecular interactions and the elaborate structure requirements of metallogels.Another research niche that needs to be clarified before discussing recent development of metallogels is: how to sort Introducing metal components into gel matrices provides an effective strategy to develop soft materials with advantageous properties such as: optical activity, conductivity, magn...

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Section: Device‐oriented Functionalization Of Metallogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallogels: Availability, Applicability, and Advanceability

et al. 2019

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“…Das wachsende Interesse an der Metallogel‐Forschung ergibt sich aus der Aussicht, metallbasierte Eigenschaften (z. B. Redox‐, optoelektronische und magnetische Eigenschaften) in eine Gelmatrix zu integrieren und die dynamische Natur der Koordinationsbindung für stimuliresponsive Systeme oder spezifische mechanische Eigenschaften für gezielte Anwendungen zu nutzen …”

Section: Bulkmaterialienunclassified

Phenolische Bausteine für die Assemblierung von Funktionsmaterialien

et al. 2018

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Phenolische Materialien sind seit langem für ihre Verwendung in Farbtinten, in Holzbeschichtungen und zur Ledergerbung bekannt. In letzter Zeit ist jedoch ein wachsendes Interesse an der Entwicklung moderner Werkstoffe aus phenolischen Bausteinen zu verzeichnen. Die intrinsischen Eigenschaften von phenolischen Verbindungen, wie Metallchelat‐Bildung, Wasserstoffbrücken, pH‐Ansprechverhalten, Redoxpotentiale, Radikalfänger, Polymerisation und Lichtabsorption, haben sie zu einer eigenständigen Klasse von Strukturelementen für die Synthese von funktionellen Materialien gemacht. Aus Phenolverbindungen hergestellte Materialien behalten viele ihrer nützlichen Eigenschaften, oft mit synergistischen Effekten bei Anwendungen, die von der Katalyse bis zur Biomedizin reichen. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen funktionellen Materialien, die aus natürlichen und synthetischen phenolischen Bausteinen hergestellt werden können, und über ihre Anwendungen.

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“…In each case, highly directional metal−ligand bonds govern the self‐assembly process to generate a fibrous network of metallogels. In recent years, metallogels have flourished as a promising field of research, owing to their applications in sensors, proton conduction, magnetic materials, catalysis, and nanoparticle templating . However, the design and fabrication of metallogels is a difficult task, because the detailed mechanism of gel formation is still not fully understood at the molecular level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17][18][19][20] Various gelating agents have been reported to effect metallogel formation,i ncluding discrete metal-coordination complexes, [21] well-defined coordination polymers, [22][23][24] and cross-linked coordination poly-mers. [25] In each case, highly directional metalÀligand bonds govern the self-assembly process to generate af ibrous network of metallogels.I nr ecent years, metallogels have flourished as ap romisingf ield of research, owing to their applications in sensors, [26] proton conduction, [27,28] magnetic materials, [29] catalysis, [30] and nanoparticle templating. [31,32] However,t he design andf abrication of metallogels is ad ifficult task, because the detailed mechanism of gelformationisstill not fully understood at the molecular level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheoreversible Metallogels Derived from Coordination Polymers

Ganguly

Parveen

Dastidar

2018

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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A series of mixed-ligand-based Cd /Co coordination polymers (CPs) that were derived from two bis(pyridyl)-bis(amide) ligands, 4,4'-oxybis(N-(pyridin-3-yl)benzamide) (LP) and 4,4'-oxybis(N-(pyridin-4-yl)benzamide) (LP1), and a variety of dicarboxylates isophthalates, terephthalates, 1,2-carboxytranscinamates, and 1,3- and 1,4-phenylene dicarboxylates were synthesized based on a rationale that they would occlude solvate guests inside their crystal lattice, thereby rendering these CPs suitable as metallogelators. The CPs were characterized by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Structural analyses revealed that the majority of the CPs were lattice-occluded molecular solids, which provided us with an opportunity to study their gelation behavior. We observed that, out of eight CPs that were tested, seven were able to produce metallogels. A thorough study of the rheological behavior of the metallogels was performed and CPG1, CPG2, CPG4, and CPG5 were found to exhibit rheoreversible behavior, which was further confirmed by rheological experiments. Interestingly, ligand LP was found to form an aqueous gel, which was exploited to produce silver nanoparticles.

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Fe(iii) phytate metallogel as a prototype anhydrous, intermediate temperature proton conductor

Abstract: Protogenic phytic acid is immobilized by its gelation with iron nitrate in DMF. The resulting pelletized xerogel is observed to show a high proton conductivity of 2.4 × 10–2 S cm–1 at 120 °C and is tried as solid electrolyte for dry H2/O2 fuel cell operation.

Cited by 93 publications

References 34 publications

Metallogels: Availability, Applicability, and Advanceability

Metallogels: Availability, Applicability, and Advanceability

Phenolische Bausteine für die Assemblierung von Funktionsmaterialien

Rheoreversible Metallogels Derived from Coordination Polymers

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