Fe(III)‐Porphyrin Sonotheranostics: A Green Triple‐Regulated ROS Generation Nanoplatform for Enhanced Cancer Imaging and Therapy

Abstract

To address the urgent need for effective sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a facile and efficient strategy is developed for fabricating a new class of sonotheranostics. Herein, a Fe(III)-porphyrin nano-sonosensitizer is prepared by a one-step coordination synthesis, and then anchored with Bis(DPA-Zn)-RGD and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) siRNA. Benefiting from the delicate interactions of the Fe(III)-coordinated nanoformulations, a highly potent sono/gene combinational therapy guided by fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging is achieved. Importantly, this sonotheranostics significantly enhances the SDT effect of porphyrin through the cancer-targeted delivery capability and enhanced reactive oxygen species production via triple-regulated approaches, including down-regulation of SOD2, depletion of glutathione, and generation of Fenton reaction. This work opens up new perspectives for developing versatile sonotheranostics to overcome the clinical challenges of SDT.

Perfluoropolyether Nanoemulsion Encapsulating Chlorin e6 for Sonodynamic and Photodynamic Therapy of Hypoxic Tumor

“…In these approaches, a therapeutic agent (photosensitizer in PDT and sonosensitizer in SDT) is delivered to the tumor. Then, in response to excitation with either light or ultrasound for PDT and SDT, respectively, the photo- or the sono-sensitizer generates highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which destroy the tumor cells ( Scheme 1 ) [ 1 , 2 ]. The advantages of PDT and SDT include noninvasiveness, unsurpassed targeting, and low side effects in untreated areas [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Intelligent Nanocomposites with Intrinsic Blood–Brain‐Barrier Crossing Ability Designed for Highly Specific MR Imaging and Sonodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma

“…Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which utilizes ultrasound (US) as an excitation source with deep tissue penetration and insignificant irradiation impairment compared to conventional phototherapy, is a new and rapidly developing therapy method . In the presence of a sonosensitizer under US irradiation, O 2 is converted to 1 O 2 to eradicate tumor cells.…”

One Responsive Stone, Three Birds: Mn(III)‐Hemoporfin Frameworks with Glutathione‐Enhanced Degradation, MRI, and Sonodynamic Therapy

“…have been highlighted as key fighters, which can cause irreversible oxidative damage towards proteins, lipids, or DNA of tumor cells. [ 1–3 ] In fact, ROS can be produced in living cells, and they have a double‐edged sword for living cells. When ROS is at low level, it would lead to the progression and metastasis of living cells, resulting in potential pro‐tumorigenic effects.…”

“…[22,23] Especially, the metal-organic nanomate-rials can directly incorporate metal ions as metal nodes and organic photo/sonosensitizers as bridging ligands, where metal ions may have imaging ability (such as the clinical CT and MRI) while photo/sonosensitizer ligands produce controllable therapeutic effects. [1] For example, MOFs with photodynamic therapy effects have been well developed for tumors, such as zirconiumferriporphyrin MOF, [24] copper-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin MOF [22] and zirconium-benzoporphyrin MOF. [25] But for SDT of tumors, there are very few reports on MOF-based sonosensitizers.…”