Fe(III)-Doped Polyaminopyrrole Nanoparticle for Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy of Bladder Cancer

Abstract

Clinically, the surgical treatment of bladder cancer often faces the problem of tumor recurrence, and the surgical treatment combined with postoperative chemotherapy to inhibit tumor recurrence also faces high toxicity and side effects. Therefore, the need for innovative bladder cancer treatments is urgent. For the past few years, with the development of nano science and technology, imaging-guided therapy using nanomaterials with both imaging and therapy functions has shown great advantages and can not only identify the locations of the tumors but also exhibit biodistributions of nanomaterials in the tumors, significantly improving the accuracy and efficacy of treatment. In this work, we synthesized Fe­(III)-doped polyaminopyrrole nanoparticles (FePPy-NH2 NPs). With low cytotoxicity and a blood circulation half-life of 7.59 h, high levels of FePPy-NH2 NPs accumulated in bladder tumors, with an accumulation rate of up to 5.07%ID/g. The coordination of Fe­(III) and the amino group in the structure can be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whereas absorption in the near-infrared region can be applied to photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT). MRI and PAI accurately identified the location of the tumor, and based on the imaging data, laser irradiation was employed accurately. With a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 44.3%, the bladder tumor was completely resected without recurrence. Hematological analysis and histopathological analysis jointly confirmed the high level of safety of the experiment.

NIR-II-triggered doxorubicin release for orthotopic bladder cancer chemo-photothermal therapy

“…1F, the materials of different concentrations were exposed to 1064 nm irradiation (0.69 W cm −2 , 10 min) and showed ideal photothermal conversion ability at a concentration of 50 µg mL −1 ; the temperature reached 44.9 °C within 10 min, which is enough for the ablation of the tumor. 10,40 Then, the photothermal effect of DNAH (50 µg mL −1 ) with various laser powers was evaluated (Fig. 1G); the temperature reached 47.3 °C within 1 min under 1064 nm laser irradiation at a power density of 1.33 W cm −2 .…”

“…[4][5][6][7] Also, the radical bladder resection is unsatisfactory in improving the survival rate and the quality of life. [8][9][10][11] Meanwhile, systemic side effects should also be considered. 8,12 Besides, the dilution and continuous washing of urine further reduce the therapeutic effect.…”

“…Treatments and stimulated release based on near infrared photothermal have been considered to be promising in tumor therapy and controlled drug release. 10,23,24 An injectable and self-healing hydrogel was reported, incorporating polyoxometalates (POMs) and doxorubicin (Dox), for synergistic photothermal and chemotherapy therapy. 25 This hydrogel realized controlled release by both near-infrared-I window (NIR-I, 650-950 nm) laser irradiation and acidic pH in the lesion micro-environment.…”

Biomedical applications and prospects of temperature‐orchestrated photothermal therapy

“…Furthermore, given the importance of imaging technology in cancer treatment, the imaging‐guided therapy method has attracted extensive attention 174 . Liu et al 175 doped Fe(III) in polyaminopyrrole to serve as both magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent and PTA.…”

Iron-Based Hollow Nanoplatforms for Cancer Imaging and Theranostics

“…So far, Fe-based nanomaterials have been widely involved in magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT), PTT and CDT, etc. [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. As for MRI, apart from the feasibility of IO NPs as T 2 -weighted MRI CAs, Fe-based complexes and ultrasmall IO NPs are ideal T 1 -weighted MRI CAs [ 50 , 51 ].…”