Fe-containing carbon obtained from ferrocene: Influence of the preparation procedure on the catalytic performance in FTS reaction

Styrene Oxidation to Valuable Compounds over Nanosized FeCo-Based Catalysts: Effect of the Third Metal Addition

“…There is a formation of labile oxidized hydrocarbons during this step; thus, it may convert the salts to their corresponding FCS isolated phases, as relatively aggregations of metal oxides particles (SEM results) and/or an alloy was observed, when thermally treated at 700 • C. Furthermore, the alkali precursor used during the sol-gel route plays an important role for the confinement of Fe, Co, and Me (Me = Sn, Mo, or Cu) species inside the FeCo nuclei matrix. Hence, the formation of nanosized crystals of Fe-based species from ferrocene decomposition is likely, as observed in previous work [19,27]. It is worth noting that the cooperative assembly among the co-polymer, the salts, and solvents form a reddish brown solution.…”

“…The hydrocarbon precursors may be chemically bonded to the ferrocene, tin, and cobalt salts acting as binders to provide stability to the final solid. As reported in an earlier study [19], the thermal treatment of samples prepared via similar methods in air at 700 °C gives a solid state reaction among Fe-O, Co-O, and C-O as well as Co-O and Sn-O entities; hence, the crystallization of the FCS CM sample is likely. The crystallization of the solid is later reflected in the XRD and Raman.…”

“…It was revealed that the formation of these nanocrystals is a result of the crystallization of the iron precursor along with the carbonization of co-polymers and hydrocarbons on the metal surface to form a peculiar morphology [19]. Moreover, FCM NC displayed spherical particles, as shown by SEM images.…”

“…At the higher frequency region (Figure 4a 2 ), all bands are broad and the vibrations in the 1159-1345 cm −1 range for FSC NC and FCS CM can be attributed to the hematite phase [19]. Small vibrations on these sample at 1092, 1227, and 1264 cm −1 suggest the presence of either hydrocarbon debris from the synthesis or oxygen defect vacancies [19].…”

“…This finding is in very good agreement with the optical active Raman characteristic of the SnO 2 structure (space group P4/mnm (D 4h 14 )) [29], in addition to those of Fe-related phases. At the higher frequency region (Figure 4a2), all bands are broad and the vibrations in the 1159-1345 cm −1 range for FSC NC and FCS CM can be attributed to the hematite phase [19]. Small vibrations on these sample at 1092, 1227, and 1264 cm −1 suggest the presence of either hydrocarbon The number 1 indicates the spectra taken at low frequencies, whereas the number 2 indicates the spectra taken at high frequencies.…”